巴西拾荒者非传染性疾病的定性研究。
A Qualitative Study on Noncommunicable Diseases in Waste Pickers in Brazil.
作者信息
Zolnikov Tara Rava, Cruvinel Vanessa, Lopez Paola, Pezeshkian Farid, Stoves-Tucker Lakeithia, Galato Dayani, Marques Carla Pintas
机构信息
Department of Community Health, National University, San Diego, CA.
Department of Public Health, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil.
出版信息
J Health Pollut. 2021 May 28;11(30):210603. doi: 10.5696/2156-9614-11.30.210603. eCollection 2021 Jun.
BACKGROUND
Noncommunicable chronic diseases are associated with multiple risks factors and negative outcomes that are long-lasting and difficult to treat. Some populations may be at greater risk because of their socioeconomic status, lack of healthcare, environment, and poor work and living conditions. Informal waste pickers may experience higher levels of chronic diseases and often do not have access to care to manage symptoms.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to understand the prevalence of chronic diseases in waste pickers, along with perceived associated risks and available treatments.
METHODS
A qualitative study was conducted, using interviews with 24 waste pickers who worked at dumpsite in Brasilia, Brazil which was historically the second largest open-air dumpsite in the world.
RESULTS
Participants believed their commonly experienced chronic diseases were a result of working in the open-air dumpsite. Chronic diseases commonly noted in the interviews included hypertension, chronic pain, respiratory disease, diabetes, and kidney problems. Participants discussed self-medication or prescribed medication used to treat their conditions. Most participants had varying beliefs regarding prevention strategies to reduce disease; some ideas for prevention focused on religion, fate, and God when discussing outcomes related to illnesses. When answering questions regarding ideal working conditions to help prevent diseases, participants responded by expressing a desire for protective gear (e.g. PPE) which could help mitigate hazards associated with the dump.
CONCLUSIONS
Recyclable collectors were aware of occupational hazards to which they were exposed and associated noncommunicable chronic diseases but lacked education on the importance of preventive measures and access to healthcare services. The findings of the present study confirm the need to strengthen intersectoral actions to protect and uphold the health rights of this vulnerable population.
PARTICIPANT CONSENT
Obtained.
ETHICS APPROVAL
This study was approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the Health School of Brasília University under Opinion n. 1.517.670/2016.
COMPETING INTERESTS
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
背景
非传染性慢性病与多种风险因素及长期且难以治疗的负面后果相关。一些人群因其社会经济地位、缺乏医疗保健、环境以及恶劣的工作和生活条件，可能面临更高的风险。非正式拾荒者可能患慢性病的比例更高，且往往无法获得管理症状的护理。
目的
本研究的目的是了解拾荒者慢性病的患病率，以及他们感知到的相关风险和可用治疗方法。
方法
进行了一项定性研究，对24名在巴西巴西利亚一个垃圾场工作的拾荒者进行了访谈，该垃圾场曾是世界上第二大露天垃圾场。
结果
参与者认为他们常见的慢性病是在露天垃圾场工作的结果。访谈中常见的慢性病包括高血压、慢性疼痛、呼吸系统疾病、糖尿病和肾脏问题。参与者提到了用于治疗自身疾病的自我用药或处方药。大多数参与者对减少疾病的预防策略有不同的看法；在讨论与疾病相关的结果时，一些预防想法集中在宗教、命运和上帝上。当回答关于有助于预防疾病的理想工作条件的问题时，参与者表示希望获得防护装备（如个人防护装备），这有助于减轻与垃圾场相关的危害。
结论
可回收物收集者意识到他们所面临的职业危害以及相关的非传染性慢性病，但缺乏关于预防措施重要性和获得医疗服务的教育。本研究结果证实有必要加强部门间行动，以保护和维护这一弱势群体的健康权利。
参与者同意
已获得。
伦理批准
本研究经巴西利亚大学健康学院研究与伦理委员会批准，意见编号为1.517.670/2016。
利益冲突
作者声明不存在利益冲突。
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