2nd Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital , Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Sismanogliou 37 street, Athens, Greece.
J BUON. 2021 May-Jun;26(3):1040-1055.
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential associations between anthropometric characteristics and bladder cancer risk, synthesizing longitudinal cohort studies.
Literature search across MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane Central was performed up to December 31, 2019 and data abstraction was performed independently by two authors. Random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) models were used to estimate pooled relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI); subgroup analyses were performed in geographical region, mean age, publication year, length of follow-up, sample size, method of body mass index (BMI) estimation and adjustment for smoking.
27 studies were included (88 593 bladder cancer cases in a total cohort of 49 647 098 subjects). Increased bladder cancer risk was noted in overweight men (pooled RR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.04-1.21) but not in overweight women. Both obese men (pooled RR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.06-1.22) and women (pooled RR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.02-1.38) showed increased risk. Interestingly, height increase per 5 cm did not seem to affect risk of bladder cancer in men (pooled RR=1.03, 95%CI: 0.99- 1.06) and women (pooled RR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.97-1.06). Larger waist circumference was associated with bladder cancer risk in men (pooled RR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.09-1.26) but not women.
Bladder cancer risk seems to be related with obesity overall and central obesity in men. In contrast to other cancer types, height does not seem to affect risk, but more studies are needed to extract safe conclusions.
本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估人体测量特征与膀胱癌风险之间的潜在关联，综合了纵向队列研究。
截至 2019 年 12 月 31 日，我们在 MEDLINE、EMBASE、Scopus、Google Scholar 和 Cochrane 中心进行了文献检索，并由两位作者独立进行了数据提取。我们使用随机效应（DerSimonian-Laird）模型来估计合并的相对风险（RR）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）；进行了亚组分析，包括地理区域、平均年龄、发表年份、随访时间、样本量、体重指数（BMI）估计方法以及吸烟调整。
共纳入 27 项研究（88593 例膀胱癌病例，总计 49647098 例受试者）。超重男性膀胱癌风险增加（合并 RR=1.12，95%CI：1.04-1.21），但超重女性则不然。肥胖男性（合并 RR=1.14，95%CI：1.06-1.22）和女性（合并 RR=1.19，95%CI：1.02-1.38）的风险均增加。有趣的是，身高每增加 5 厘米，似乎不会影响男性（合并 RR=1.03，95%CI：0.99-1.06）和女性（合并 RR=1.02，95%CI：0.97-1.06）的膀胱癌风险。腰围较大与男性膀胱癌风险相关（合并 RR=1.18，95%CI：1.09-1.26），但与女性无关。
膀胱癌风险似乎与肥胖症和男性的中心型肥胖有关。与其他癌症类型不同，身高似乎不会影响风险，但需要更多的研究来得出安全的结论。
