Department of Clinical Therapeutics, "Alexandra" Hospital, Medical School, National University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
2nd Department of Urology, Sismanoglio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Nutr Cancer. 2022;74(6):2003-2016. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1985146. Epub 2021 Nov 2.
We examined the association between fruit/vegetable consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk in a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies stratifying results by gender, smoking status and geographical region. Eligible studies were sought in MEDLINE and EMBASE up to April 20, 2020. Random-effects (DerSimonian-Laird) models were implemented for the calculation of pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Fifteen eligible studies were identified (1,993,881 subjects, 11,097 BC cases). Vegetable consumption (pooled RR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.87-1.04, = 10) as well as combined fruit/vegetable consumption was not associated with BC risk. Regarding fruit intake, the overall protective trend did not reach significance (pooled RR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.81-1.02, = 11); we found however a significant association in East Asians. A trend toward a protective association with citrus fruit consumption was also noted (pooled RR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.69-1.01, = 6), once again with a significant effect in East Asians. Moreover, no association was found regarding the subgroups of leafy vegetables, dark green vegetables, and berries. Single studies pointed to a reduced BC risk in never smoking males consuming cruciferous vegetables and East Asians consuming yellow vegetables. In conclusion, our study reveals possible protective effects; larger studies are needed to investigate the emerging trends.
我们在系统综述和荟萃分析中检查了水果/蔬菜消费与膀胱癌（BC）风险之间的关联，该分析对性别、吸烟状况和地理位置进行了分层，以分层结果。我们在 MEDLINE 和 EMBASE 中搜索了截至 2020 年 4 月 20 日的合格研究。实施了随机效应（德西蒙尼-劳尔德）模型，以计算汇总相对风险（RR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。确定了 15 项合格研究（1993881 名受试者，11097 例 BC 病例）。蔬菜消费（汇总 RR = 0.95，95%CI：0.87-1.04， = 10）以及水果/蔬菜的综合消费与 BC 风险无关。关于水果摄入量，整体保护趋势没有达到显著性（汇总 RR = 0.91，95%CI：0.81-1.02， = 11）；然而，我们发现东亚人的关联具有显著性。还注意到柑橘类水果消费与保护关联呈趋势（汇总 RR = 0.83，95%CI：0.69-1.01， = 6），东亚人的效果仍然显著。此外，关于叶菜、深绿色蔬菜和浆果的亚组没有发现关联。个别研究表明，从不吸烟的男性食用十字花科蔬菜和东亚人食用黄色蔬菜可降低 BC 风险。总之，我们的研究揭示了可能的保护作用；需要更大的研究来调查新出现的趋势。
