Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
J Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 20;224(12 Suppl 2):S764-S769. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab358.
Vaccine herd protection is the extension of the defense conferred by immunization beyond the vaccinated to unvaccinated persons in a population, as well as the enhancement of the protection among the vaccinated, due to vaccination of the surrounding population. Vaccine herd protection has traditionally been inferred from observations of disease trends after inclusion of a vaccine in national immunization schedules. Rather than awaiting outcomes of widescale vaccine deployment, earlier-stage evaluation of vaccine herd protection during trials or mass vaccination projects could help inform policy decisions about potential vaccine introduction. We describe the components, influencing factors, and implications of vaccine herd protection and discuss various methods for assessing herd protection, using examples from cholera and typhoid vaccine studies.
疫苗群体保护是指通过免疫接种，将防御范围从接种者扩展到人群中的未接种者，以及由于周围人群的接种而增强接种者的保护。疫苗群体保护传统上是通过观察疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后疾病趋势的变化来推断的。在大规模疫苗部署之前，在试验或大规模疫苗接种项目中尽早评估疫苗群体保护，可以帮助为潜在疫苗引入的决策提供信息。我们描述了疫苗群体保护的组成部分、影响因素和意义，并讨论了使用霍乱和伤寒疫苗研究中的例子评估群体保护的各种方法。
