Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
J Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 15;218(suppl_3):S165-S166. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy487.
The use of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) has increased since 2011, when Shanchol, the first OCV suitable for large-scale use, became available. Médecins Sans Frontières considers OCVs an essential cholera outbreak control tool and has contributed to generating new evidence on OCV use in outbreaks. We showed that large-scale mass campaigns are feasible during outbreaks, documented high short-term effectiveness and showed that vaccines are likely safe in pregnancy. We found that a single-dose regimen has high short-term effectiveness, making rapid delivery of vaccine during outbreaks easier, especially given the on-going global vaccine shortage. Despite progress, OCV has still not been used widely in some of the largest recent outbreaks and thousands of cholera deaths are reported every year. While working towards improving our tools to protect those most at-risk of cholera, we must strive to use all available effective interventions in efficient ways, including OCV, to prevent avoidable deaths today.
自 2011 年可用于大规模使用的第一种口服霍乱疫苗（OCV）问世以来，OCV 的使用有所增加。无国界医生组织认为 OCV 是控制霍乱暴发的重要工具，并为 OCV 在暴发中的使用提供了新的证据。我们表明，在暴发期间大规模群众运动是可行的，记录了较高的短期效果，并表明疫苗在怀孕期间可能是安全的。我们发现一剂方案具有较高的短期效果，使得在暴发期间更容易快速提供疫苗，尤其是考虑到全球疫苗持续短缺。尽管取得了进展，但在最近一些最大的暴发中，OCV 仍未得到广泛使用，每年仍有数千人死于霍乱。在努力改进保护那些最易感染霍乱的人的工具的同时，我们必须努力以有效的方式利用所有现有的有效干预措施，包括 OCV，以防止今天发生可避免的死亡。
