Li Xuying, Zhang Li, Tang Fei, Wei Xin
Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Neurosci. 2021 Jun 28;15:638439. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2021.638439. eCollection 2021.
Retinal organoids (ROs), which are derived from stem cells, can automatically form three-dimensional laminar structures that include all cell types and the ultrastructure of the retina. Therefore, they are highly similar to the retinal structure in the human body. The development of organoids has been a great technological breakthrough in the fields of transplantation therapy and disease modeling. However, the translation of RO applications into medical practice still has various deficiencies at the current stage, including the long culture process, insufficient yield, and great heterogeneity among ROs produced under different conditions. Nevertheless, many technological breakthroughs have been made in transplanting ROs for treatment of diseases such as retinal degeneration. This review discusses recent advances in the development of ROs, improvements of the culture protocol, and the latest developments in RO replacement therapy techniques.
视网膜类器官（ROs）由干细胞衍生而来，能够自动形成包含视网膜所有细胞类型和超微结构的三维层状结构。因此，它们与人体视网膜结构高度相似。类器官的发展是移植治疗和疾病建模领域的一项重大技术突破。然而，目前将RO应用转化为医学实践仍存在各种不足，包括培养过程漫长、产量不足以及不同条件下产生的RO之间存在很大异质性。尽管如此，在将RO移植用于治疗视网膜变性等疾病方面已经取得了许多技术突破。本文综述了ROs发展的最新进展、培养方案的改进以及RO替代治疗技术的最新发展。
