Department of Social Psychology, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands; email:
Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6, Canada; email:
Annu Rev Psychol. 2022 Jan 4;73:629-658. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-010855. Epub 2021 Jul 19.
We review the burgeoning literature on the social effects of emotions, documenting the impact of emotional expressions on observers' affect, cognition, and behavior. We find convergent evidence that emotional expressions influence observers' affective reactions, inferential processes, and behaviors across various domains, including close relationships, group decision making, customer service, negotiation, and leadership. Affective reactions and inferential processes mediate the effects of emotional expressions on observers' behaviors, and the relative potency of these mediators depends on the observers' information processing and the perceived appropriateness of the emotional expressions. The social effects of emotions are similar across expressive modalities (face, voice, body, text, symbols). We discuss the findings in relation to emotional contagion, emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, emotions as social information (EASI) theory, and the functionality of emotions in engendering social influence. Finally, we identify gaps in our current understanding of the topic and call for interdisciplinary collaboration and methodological diversification.
我们回顾了关于情绪的社会影响的新兴文献，记录了情绪表达对观察者的情感、认知和行为的影响。我们发现了一致的证据，表明情绪表达会影响观察者在各种领域的情感反应、推理过程和行为，包括亲密关系、群体决策、客户服务、谈判和领导力。情感反应和推理过程中介了情绪表达对观察者行为的影响，而这些中介的相对效力取决于观察者的信息处理和对情绪表达的感知适当性。情感表达的社会影响在表达模式（面部、声音、身体、文本、符号）上是相似的。我们将这些发现与情感传染、情绪智力、情绪调节、情绪作为社会信息 (EASI) 理论以及情绪在产生社会影响中的功能联系起来进行讨论。最后，我们确定了我们对该主题理解的差距，并呼吁进行跨学科合作和方法多样化。
