Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland.
Division of Gynecological Surgery, University Hospital, 60-535 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 1;18(13):7045. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137045.
It has not been established how history of hypertension in the father or mother of pregnant women, combined with obesity or smoking, affects the risk of main forms of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A cohort of 912 pregnant women, recruited in the first trimester, was assessed; 113 (12.4%) women developed gestational hypertension (GH), 24 (2.6%) developed preeclampsia (PE) and 775 women remained normotensive (a control group). Multiple logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (and 95% confidence intervals) of GH and PE for chronic hypertension in the father or mother of pregnant women. Some differences were discovered. (1) Paternal hypertension (vs. absence of hypertension in the family) was an independent risk factor for GH (AOR-a = 1.98 (1.2-3.28), = 0.008). This odds ratio increased in pregnant women who smoked in the first trimester (AOR-a = 4.71 (1.01-21.96); = 0.048) or smoked before pregnancy (AOR-a = 3.15 (1.16-8.54); = 0.024), or had pre-pregnancy overweight (AOR-a = 2.67 (1.02-7.02); = 0.046). (2) Maternal hypertension (vs. absence of hypertension in the family) was an independent risk factor for preeclampsia (PE) (AOR-a = 3.26 (1.3-8.16); = 0.012). This odds ratio increased in the obese women (AOR-a = 6.51 (1.05-40.25); = 0.044) and (paradoxically) in women who had never smoked (AOR-a = 5.31 (1.91-14.8); = 0.001). Conclusions: Chronic hypertension in the father or mother affected the risk of preeclampsia and gestational hypertension in different ways. Modifiable factors (overweight/obesity and smoking) may exacerbate the relationships in question, however, paradoxically, beneficial effects of smoking for preeclampsia risk are also possible. Importantly, paternal and maternal hypertension were not independent risk factors for GH/PE in a subgroup of women with normal body mass index (BMI).
尚未确定孕妇的父亲或母亲的高血压病史，加上肥胖或吸烟，如何影响妊娠高血压的主要形式的风险。一项纳入 912 名孕妇的队列研究在孕早期进行评估；113 名（12.4%）孕妇发生妊娠期高血压（GH），24 名（2.6%）孕妇发生子痫前期（PE），775 名孕妇血压正常（对照组）。多因素逻辑回归用于计算孕妇父亲或母亲慢性高血压与 GH 和 PE 的比值比（OR）（95%置信区间）。结果发现了一些差异。（1）父亲的高血压（与家族中无高血压相比）是 GH 的独立危险因素（OR-a=1.98（1.2-3.28）， =0.008）。在孕早期吸烟（OR-a=4.71（1.01-21.96）； =0.048）或孕前吸烟（OR-a=3.15（1.16-8.54）； =0.024）或孕前超重（OR-a=2.67（1.02-7.02）； =0.046）的孕妇中，这种比值比增加。（2）母亲的高血压（与家族中无高血压相比）是子痫前期（PE）的独立危险因素（OR-a=3.26（1.3-8.16）； =0.012）。在肥胖女性（OR-a=6.51（1.05-40.25）； =0.044）和（矛盾的是）从不吸烟的女性（OR-a=5.31（1.91-14.8）； =0.001）中，这种比值比增加。结论：父母的慢性高血压以不同的方式影响子痫前期和妊娠期高血压的风险。可改变的因素（超重/肥胖和吸烟）可能会加剧这些关系，但矛盾的是，吸烟对子痫前期风险也可能有益。重要的是，在 BMI 正常的女性亚组中，父亲和母亲的高血压不是 GH/PE 的独立危险因素。
