Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy.
Health and Sports Science Center, Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis 88035-901, Brazil.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 5;18(13):7176. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18137176.
Recently, a growing interest has emerged in the role of attention and hypervigilance in the experience of pain. Shifting attention away from pain seems likely to reduce the perception of pain itself.
The present study has been designed to test the following overall hypotheses: (1) disposition to catastrophize, self-efficacy perceived in pain resistance (task self-efficacy), previous experiences concerning the tolerance of physical pain, and degree of impulsiveness are significant predictors of the decision to abandon a painful test such as the cold pressor test (CPT); (2) the manipulation of the attentive focus (internal or external) can influence the level of perceived pain.
Effects of the manipulation of attentional focus (internal and external) on pain perception and response of trial abandonment were evaluated in a sample of university students ( = 246) subjected to the cold pressor test.
A significant effect ( < 0.05) was found through a test-retest comparison on the final level of perceived pain among subjects who had received instruction to externalize the focus of their attention (mixed factorial analysis of variance), but no significance was observed with respect to the decision to abandon the experiment. A general explanatory model of the abandonment behavior demonstrating overall good fit measurements was tested too.
The abandonment of tests has been shown to be predicted mainly by catastrophic attitude. Attentive impulsiveness showed a further positive effect on catastrophic attitude. Perceived self-efficacy in the tolerance of pain limited learned helplessness, which in turn positively influenced catastrophizing.
最近，人们对注意力和过度警觉在疼痛体验中的作用产生了越来越大的兴趣。将注意力从疼痛上转移开似乎可以减少对疼痛本身的感知。
本研究旨在检验以下总体假设：（1）灾难化倾向、对疼痛抵抗力的自我效能感（任务自我效能感）、对身体疼痛容忍度的先前经验以及冲动程度是决定是否放弃疼痛测试（如冷压测试）的重要预测因素；（2）注意力焦点的操纵（内部或外部）可以影响感知到的疼痛水平。
在接受冷压测试的大学生样本（n=246）中，评估了注意力焦点（内部和外部）操纵对疼痛感知和放弃试验反应的影响。
通过对接受外部化注意力焦点指导的受试者在最终感知疼痛水平上的测试-再测试比较，发现了显著的效果（<0.05）（混合方差分析），但在放弃实验的决定方面没有发现显著效果。还测试了一个总体解释放弃行为的模型，该模型显示出了整体良好的拟合度测量。
测试的放弃主要由灾难化态度预测。注意力冲动性对灾难化态度有进一步的积极影响。对疼痛耐受的自我效能感限制了习得性无助，而后者又积极地影响了灾难化。
