Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Mol Aspects Med. 2021 Oct;81:100996. doi: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100996. Epub 2021 Jul 18.
Neutrophils are versatile immune effector cells essential for mounting a first-line defense against invading pathogens. However, uncontrolled activation can lead to severe life-threatening complications. Neutrophils exist as a heterogeneous population, and their interaction with pathogens and other immune cells may shape the outcome of the host immune response. Diverse classes of viruses, including the recently identified novel SARS-CoV-2, have shown to alter the various aspects of neutrophil biology, offering possibilities for selective intervention. Here, we review heterogeneity within the neutrophil population, highlighting the functional consequences of circulating phenotypes and their critical involvement in exaggerating protective and pathological immune responses against the viruses. We discuss the recent findings of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in COVID-19 pathology and cover other viruses, where neutrophil biology and NETs are crucial for developing disease severity. In the end, we have also pointed out the areas where neutrophil-mediated responses can be finely tuned to outline opportunities for therapeutic manipulation in controlling inflammation against viral infection.
中性粒细胞是多功能免疫效应细胞，对于抵御入侵病原体的第一道防线至关重要。然而，不受控制的激活可能会导致严重的危及生命的并发症。中性粒细胞是一个异质性群体，它们与病原体和其他免疫细胞的相互作用可能会影响宿主免疫反应的结果。包括最近发现的新型 SARS-CoV-2 在内的多种病毒已被证明可以改变中性粒细胞生物学的各个方面，为选择性干预提供了可能性。在这里，我们回顾了中性粒细胞群体内的异质性，强调了循环表型的功能后果及其在放大针对病毒的保护性和病理性免疫反应方面的关键作用。我们讨论了中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NETs）在 COVID-19 病理中的最新发现，并涵盖了其他病毒，其中中性粒细胞生物学和 NETs 对疾病严重程度至关重要。最后，我们还指出了可以精细调节中性粒细胞介导的反应的领域，以概述在控制病毒感染炎症方面进行治疗干预的机会。
