Philippsen Gisele Strieder
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Jandaia do Sul, Dr. Maximiano Street, Parana n. 426, Brazil.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2021 Jul 9;6(3):126. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030126.
Transposable elements (TEs) are DNA sequences able to transpose within the host genome and, consequently, influence the dynamics of evolution in the species. Among the possible effects, TEs insertions may alter the expression and coding patterns of genes, leading to genomic innovations. Gene-duplication events, resulting from DNA segmental duplication induced by TEs transposition, constitute another important mechanism that contributes to the plasticity of genomes. This review aims to cover the current knowledge regarding TEs in the genome of the parasite , an agent of schistosomiasis-a neglected tropical disease affecting at least 250 million people worldwide. In this context, the literature concerning TEs description and TEs impact on the genomic architecture for was revisited, displaying evidence of TEs influence on schistosome speciation-mediated by bursts of transposition-and in gene-duplication events related to schistosome-host coevolution processes, as well several instances of TEs contribution into the coding sequences of genes. These findings indicate the relevant role of TEs in the evolution of the genome.
转座元件（TEs）是能够在宿主基因组内转座的DNA序列，因此会影响物种的进化动态。在可能产生的影响中，TEs插入可能会改变基因的表达和编码模式，从而导致基因组创新。由TEs转座诱导的DNA片段重复所导致的基因复制事件，是另一种有助于基因组可塑性的重要机制。本综述旨在涵盖目前关于这种寄生虫基因组中TEs的知识，这种寄生虫是血吸虫病的病原体，血吸虫病是一种被忽视的热带疾病，全球至少有2.5亿人受到影响。在此背景下，重新审视了有关TEs描述以及TEs对其基因组结构影响的文献，展示了TEs通过转座爆发介导对血吸虫物种形成的影响，以及在与血吸虫-宿主共同进化过程相关的基因复制事件中的影响，还有TEs对基因编码序列贡献的几个实例。这些发现表明TEs在该基因组进化中具有重要作用。
