Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR 1403, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
Institute "Mountain and Sea", Makarska, Croatia.
PLoS One. 2021 Jul 21;16(7):e0248954. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248954. eCollection 2021.
A road-map of the genetic and phenotypic diversities in both crops and their wild related species can help identifying valuable genetic resources for further crop breeding. The clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.), a perfume, medicinal and aromatic plant, is used for sclareol production and ornamental purposes. Despite its wide use in the field of cosmetics, the phenotypic and genetic diversity of wild and cultivated clary sages remains to be explored. We characterized the genetic and phenotypic variation of a collection of six wild S. sclarea populations from Croatia, sampled along an altitudinal gradient, and, of populations of three S. sclarea cultivars. We showed low level of genetic diversity for the two S. sclarea traditional cultivars used for essential oil production and for ornamental purposes, respectively. In contrast, a recent cultivar resulting from new breeding methods, which involve hybridizations among several genotypes rather than traditional recurrent selection and self-crosses over time, showed high genetic diversity. We also observed a marked phenotypic differentiation for the ornamental clary sage compared with other cultivated and wild clary sages. Instead, the two cultivars used for essential oil production, a traditional and a recent one, respectively, were not phenotypically differentiated from the wild Croatian populations. Our results also featured some wild populations with high sclareol content and early-flowering phenotypes as good candidates for future breeding programs. This study opens up perspectives for basic research aiming at understanding the impact of breeding methods on clary sage evolution, and highlights interesting avenues for clary breeding programs.
作物及其野生近缘种的遗传和表型多样性图谱有助于鉴定有价值的遗传资源，以进一步进行作物育种。香紫苏（Salvia sclarea L.）是一种香料、药用和芳香植物，用于生产斯卡罗醇和观赏目的。尽管它在化妆品领域广泛使用，但野生和栽培香紫苏的表型和遗传多样性仍有待探索。我们对来自克罗地亚的 6 个野生香紫苏种群的遗传和表型变异进行了特征描述，这些种群沿海拔梯度采样，并对 3 个香紫苏品种的种群进行了特征描述。我们发现，用于生产精油和观赏目的两种传统香紫苏品种的遗传多样性水平较低。相比之下，一种最近的品种，它是通过新的育种方法产生的，涉及几个基因型之间的杂交，而不是传统的反复选择和随时间的自交，表现出较高的遗传多样性。我们还观察到，与其他栽培和野生香紫苏相比，观赏香紫苏表现出明显的表型分化。相反，用于生产精油的两种传统和最近的品种，分别与克罗地亚的野生种群在表型上没有分化。我们的研究结果还发现了一些野生种群具有高斯卡罗醇含量和早花表型，它们是未来育种计划的良好候选者。这项研究为基础研究打开了前景，旨在了解育种方法对香紫苏进化的影响，并为香紫苏的育种计划提供了有趣的途径。
