Institute of Health Management Research, Electronic City (Phase-I), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Gokhale Institute of Politics and Economics, Deccan Gymkhana, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
PLoS One. 2021 Jul 21;16(7):e0254005. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254005. eCollection 2021.
Though there are several interventions evaluated over the past 25 years, significant knowledge gaps continue to exist regarding the effective prevention of sexual violence. This study explored the socio-economic and context-specific distinctive characteristics of husbands and wives on sexual autonomy and unwanted sexual experiences of currently married women in India.
We have utilized the recent round of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4, 2015-16) data for this exploration. The NFHS-4 survey had adopted a stratified two-stage sample design to reach out to the survey households. A total of 63,696 couples are included in the analysis comprising of women of 15-49 years age and men of 15-54 years age. Multivariate techniques have been applied to understand the adjusted effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on control over their sexuality and sexual violence.
Uneducated women married to uneducated men experienced more sexual violence and had less control over their sexuality than the other categories. The adjusted multivariate logistic model shows that educated husbands were significantly more likely to exercise control over their educated wives' sexuality (AOR = 0.88; CI:0.78-0.99). Women having older husbands were significantly less likely to be having no-control over own sexuality (AOR = 0.89; CI:0.83-0.95) and experienced sexual violence (AOR = 0.81; CI:0.70-0.95). Women having comparatively more-educated husbands were significantly less likely to experience sexual violence (AOR = 0.62; CI:0.47-0.81). Muslim women were significantly more likely to have no control overown sexuality. SC/ST women were significantly more likely to experience sexual violence (28%).
This study highlights the factors associated with control over one's sexuality and preponderance to sexual violence: age, education, spouse working status, wealth status, husband's alcohol consumption, women autonomy, decision-making, and freedom for mobility. This study suggests that empowering women with education, creating awareness regarding reproductive health, and addressing their socio-economic needs to help them achieve autonomy and derive decision-making power.
尽管在过去 25 年中评估了多种干预措施，但在有效预防性暴力方面，仍存在重大知识差距。本研究探讨了印度当前已婚女性在性自主和非意愿性性经历方面，丈夫和妻子的社会经济和特定背景的独特特征。
我们利用了最近一轮全国家庭健康调查（NFHS-4，2015-16 年）的数据进行了这项探索。NFHS-4 调查采用了分层两阶段抽样设计，以接触调查家庭。共有 63696 对夫妇参与了分析，其中包括 15-49 岁的女性和 15-54 岁的男性。应用多变量技术来了解社会经济和人口变量对控制其性行为和性暴力的调整影响。
与其他类别相比，受教育程度较低的女性与受教育程度较低的男性结婚，经历的性暴力更多，对自己的性行为控制更少。调整后的多变量逻辑模型表明，受过教育的丈夫更有可能控制受过教育的妻子的性行为（AOR=0.88；CI：0.78-0.99）。与年龄较大的丈夫结婚的女性，在对自己的性行为没有控制（AOR=0.89；CI：0.83-0.95）和经历性暴力（AOR=0.81；CI：0.70-0.95）的可能性较小。与受教育程度较高的丈夫相比，受教育程度较高的妻子更不可能经历性暴力（AOR=0.62；CI：0.47-0.81）。穆斯林妇女更有可能对自己的性行为失去控制。SC/ST 妇女更有可能经历性暴力（28%）。
本研究强调了与控制自身性行为和倾向于性暴力相关的因素：年龄、教育、配偶工作状况、财富状况、丈夫饮酒、妇女自主权、决策和行动自由。本研究表明，通过教育赋予妇女权力，提高她们对生殖健康的认识，并满足她们的社会经济需求，帮助她们实现自主权和决策权。
