Department of Nursing and Health Science, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, 36037 Fulda, Germany.
Department of Nursing and Health Science, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21337 Lueneburg, Germany.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 12;17(6):1855. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17061855.
The promotion of health literacy is seen as an urgent goal in public health and education and, hence, should be integrated in the school context as a component of the holistic health promoting school (HPS) approach. However, only limited empirical studies have addressed health literacy of school staff so far. Hence, this study aimed to examine the level of health literacy among school leaders and its association with the extent of HPS implementation.
A cross-sectional study with = 680 school principals and members of the school management board from Germany was carried out at the end of 2018. Individual health literacy, attitudes, and competencies towards HPS and occupational self-efficacy served as independent variables and the level of HPS implementation was the dependent variable. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis as well as multiple binary logistic regression.
29.3% of school leaders show a limited health literacy with significantly higher values found for male respondents. Regression analyses revealed that male gender (OR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.22-2.99), HPS attitudes (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 2.13-4.72), and HPS competencies (OR: 3.66, 95% CI: 2.43-5.50) were associated with a lower level of HPS implementation. Furthermore, regression analyses differentiated by gender showed that limited health literacy is associated with a low level of HPS implementation for male school leaders only (OR: 2.81, 95% CI: 1.22-6.45).
The promotion of health literacy especially for male leaders would not only result in positive effects on an individual level but also could contribute to a stronger implementation of activities on school health promotion. We suggest integrating health literacy, HPS attitudes, and competencies more strongly into the qualification and in further training of school leaders.
促进健康素养被视为公共卫生和教育领域的紧迫目标，因此，应将其作为整体健康促进学校（HPS）方法的组成部分纳入学校环境。然而，迄今为止，只有有限的实证研究涉及学校工作人员的健康素养。因此，本研究旨在调查学校领导的健康素养水平及其与 HPS 实施程度的关系。
这是一项横断面研究，于 2018 年底对德国的 680 名校长和学校管理委员会成员进行了调查。个体健康素养、对 HPS 的态度、能力以及职业自我效能感作为自变量，HPS 的实施水平作为因变量。使用单变量和双变量分析以及多元二项逻辑回归对数据进行分析。
29.3%的学校领导健康素养水平有限，男性的得分明显更高。回归分析显示，男性（OR：1.91，95%CI：1.22-2.99）、HPS 态度（OR：3.17，95%CI：2.13-4.72）和 HPS 能力（OR：3.66，95%CI：2.43-5.50）与 HPS 实施水平较低相关。此外，按性别进行的回归分析表明，健康素养水平有限与男性学校领导 HPS 实施水平较低有关（OR：2.81，95%CI：1.22-6.45）。
特别是对男性领导的健康素养的提升不仅会对个人产生积极影响，还可以促进学校健康促进活动的实施。我们建议将健康素养、HPS 态度和能力更紧密地纳入学校领导的资格和进一步培训中。
