Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji-agaru, Kawaramachi-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-0841, Japan.
Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep;65(5):632-643. doi: 10.1007/s10384-021-00854-4. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
To evaluate factors related to myopia progression in children wearing either orthokeratology (OK) lenses or single-vision spectacles (SVS) for 2 years.
Pooled-analysis retrospective intervention study.
This study involved 105 school-aged children wearing SVS who participated in the multi-center Myovision Study and 89 school-aged children wearing one of 3 OK lens types [Menicon Z Night (M, n = 27), αORTHO-K (A, n = 32), and Emerald (E, n = 30)]. In the OK-lens patients, last examination was performed at ≥ 3-weeks post lens-wear discontinuation. Of the subjects, 102 SVS-Group and 79 OK-Group (M: n = 24, A: n = 28, and E: n = 27) children completed all examinations. A relationship between refractive error (RE) change and 7 factors (correction methods, baseline age, baseline RE, baseline axial length, gender, right or left eye, and follow-up period) was derived by multiple regression modeling. Via those same methods, we investigated the relationship between RE change and 7 factors including 3 OK-lens corrections.
Related influence factors were correction method (0.85 D myopia reduction in the OK Group, P < 0.001), baseline age (0.16 D myopia reduction in older-age patients, P < 0.001), and baseline RE (0.12 D myopia reduction per 1 D myopia, P = 0.01). No relationship was found between RE change and OK-lens type. No serious adverse events occurred.
Regardless of OK lens design, myopia progression in school-aged children was suppressed. The effect was examined not only via axial-length elongation but also RE change, and the myopia control effect by OK lenses was found to be 0.85 D over the 2-year period.
评估佩戴角膜塑形镜（OK）或单焦框架镜（SVS）的儿童 2 年内近视进展的相关因素。
汇总分析回顾性干预研究。
本研究涉及参与多中心 Myovision 研究的 105 名学龄期佩戴 SVS 的儿童和 89 名佩戴 3 种 OK 镜类型之一的学龄期儿童[Menicon Z Night（M，n=27）、αORTHO-K（A，n=32）和 Emerald（E，n=30）]。在 OK 镜患者中，末次检查在停戴镜片后至少 3 周进行。其中，102 名 SVS 组和 79 名 OK 组（M：n=24，A：n=28，E：n=27）儿童完成了所有检查。通过多元回归模型，我们根据 7 个因素（矫正方法、基线年龄、基线屈光不正、基线眼轴长度、性别、右眼或左眼和随访时间）推导了屈光不正变化与 7 个因素之间的关系。通过相同的方法，我们研究了屈光不正变化与包括 3 种 OK 镜矫正方法在内的 7 个因素之间的关系。
相关影响因素包括矫正方法（OK 组近视减少 0.85D，P<0.001）、基线年龄（老年患者近视减少 0.16D，P<0.001）和基线屈光不正（每 1D 近视减少 0.12D，P=0.01）。OK 镜类型与屈光不正变化无相关性。未发生严重不良事件。
无论 OK 镜设计如何，学龄儿童的近视进展均得到抑制。该效果不仅通过眼轴伸长来评估，还通过屈光不正变化来评估，并且在 2 年内，OK 镜的近视控制效果为 0.85D。
