Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enyachō, Izumo 693-8501, Japan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Jul 16;22(14):7613. doi: 10.3390/ijms22147613.
Intestinal tract is the boundary that prevents harmful molecules from invading into the mucosal tissue, followed by systemic circulation. Intestinal permeability is an index for intestinal barrier integrity. Intestinal permeability has been shown to increase in various diseases-not only intestinal inflammatory diseases, but also systemic diseases, including diabetes, chronic kidney dysfunction, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Chronic increase of intestinal permeability is termed 'leaky gut' which is observed in the patients and animal models of these diseases. This state often correlates with the disease state. In addition, recent studies have revealed that gut microbiota affects intestinal and systemic heath conditions via their metabolite, especially short-chain fatty acids and lipopolysaccharides, which can trigger leaky gut. The etiology of leaky gut is still unknown; however, recent studies have uncovered exogenous factors that can modulate intestinal permeability. Nutrients are closely related to intestinal health and permeability that are actively investigated as a hot topic of scientific research. Here, we will review the effect of nutrients on intestinal permeability and microbiome for a better understanding of leaky gut and a possible mechanism of increase in intestinal permeability.
肠道是防止有害分子侵入黏膜组织并进入全身循环的一道屏障。肠通透性是衡量肠屏障完整性的一个指标。多种疾病可导致肠通透性增加，不仅包括肠道炎症性疾病，还包括糖尿病、慢性肾功能不全、癌症和心血管疾病等系统性疾病。肠通透性的慢性增加被称为“肠漏”，在这些疾病的患者和动物模型中均可见到这种状态。这种状态通常与疾病状态相关。此外，最近的研究表明，肠道微生物群通过其代谢产物（特别是短链脂肪酸和脂多糖）影响肠道和全身健康状况，这些代谢产物可引发肠漏。肠漏的病因尚不清楚；然而，最近的研究揭示了可调节肠通透性的外源性因素。营养素与肠道健康和通透性密切相关，它们作为一个热门的科学研究话题正在被积极研究。在此，我们将综述营养素对肠通透性和微生物组的影响，以更好地了解肠漏和肠通透性增加的可能机制。
