Papazisis Zisis, Nikolaidis Pantelis T, Trakada Georgia
Faculty of Mathematics, School of Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 122 43 Athens, Greece.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 8;18(14):7292. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147292.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible correlations between sleep, physical activity, and diet in the general population of Greece during the second lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic. A web-based questionnaire including 28 items was completed by 494 adults (age 31.5 ± 12.4 years). Half of the participants (49.8%) reported good, 44.1% moderate, and 6.1% bad quality of sleep, whereas 17.2% answered that the quality of sleep improved, 56.5% did not change, and 26.3% worsened compared to a normal week. Compared to normal, sleep duration in lockdown increased by 0.24 h (95% CI; 0.13, 0.35; < 0.001, d = 0.198). More under-weight (32.4%) and obese (34.1%) respondents reported worsened quality of sleep in lockdown compared with normal (25.6%) and overweight participants (22.7%) ( = 0.006, Cramer's φ = 0.191). A small effect for BMI group on sleep duration was observed ( = 0.011, η = 0.023), where overweight and obese slept less (-0.44 h and -0.66 h, respectively) than normal weight participants. Subjects with the highest percentage of increased food consumption reported decreased sleep duration ( = 0.012) and worsened sleep quality ( = 0.003). Compared with a normal week, physical activity of a high and moderate intensity decreased for 43.0% and 37.0% of participants, did not change in 32.9% and 36.1% of participants, and increased in 24.1% 26.9%, respectively, whereas walking time decreased in 31.3%, did not change in 27.3%, and increased in 41.5% of participants. Increased high and moderate intensity physical activity was related with an improvement in sleep quality ( < 0.001). Those with decreasing walking time reported the highest percentage of decreased sleep quality ( = 0.006) and worsened sleep quality ( = 0.016). In conclusion, both quality and quantity of sleep were impaired during the second lockdown and the observed changes were associated with diet and physical activity.
本研究的目的是评估在因新冠疫情而实施的第二次封锁期间，希腊普通人群的睡眠、身体活动和饮食之间可能存在的相关性。494名成年人（年龄31.5±12.4岁）完成了一份包含28个条目的网络调查问卷。一半的参与者（49.8%）报告睡眠质量良好，44.1%为中等，6.1%为较差。与正常周相比，17.2%的参与者表示睡眠质量有所改善，56.5%没有变化，26.3%变差。与正常情况相比，封锁期间的睡眠时间增加了0.24小时（95%置信区间：0.13，0.35；<0.001，d = 0.198）。与正常体重参与者（25.6%）和超重参与者（22.7%）相比，更多体重过轻（32.4%）和肥胖（34.1%）的受访者报告封锁期间睡眠质量变差（=0.006，克莱默系数φ = 0.191）。观察到BMI组对睡眠时间有较小影响（=0.011，η = 0.023），超重和肥胖者的睡眠时间比正常体重参与者少（分别为-0.44小时和-0.66小时）。食物摄入量增加百分比最高的受试者报告睡眠时间减少（=0.012）和睡眠质量变差（=0.003）。与正常周相比，43.0%的高强度身体活动参与者和37.0%的中等强度身体活动参与者的身体活动减少，32.9%和36.1%的参与者没有变化，24.1%和26.9%的参与者身体活动增加；而31.3%的参与者步行时间减少，27.3%没有变化，41.5%增加。高强度和中等强度身体活动的增加与睡眠质量的改善有关（<0.001）。步行时间减少的参与者中，睡眠质量下降和变差的比例最高（=0.006）（=0.016）。总之，在第二次封锁期间，睡眠的质量和时长均受到损害，观察到的变化与饮食和身体活动有关。
