Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 63, Debrecen, H-4010, Hungary.
Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021 Aug;105(14-15):5769-5783. doi: 10.1007/s00253-021-11431-7. Epub 2021 Jul 24.
Regulation of signal transduction pathways is crucial for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and organismal development in fungi. Transcription factors are key elements of this regulatory network. The basic-region leucine zipper (bZIP) domain of the bZIP-type transcription factors is responsible for DNA binding while their leucine zipper structural motifs are suitable for dimerization with each other facilitiating the formation of homodimeric or heterodimeric bZIP proteins. This review highlights recent knowledge on the function of fungal orthologs of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Atf1, Aspergillus nidulans AtfA, and Fusarium verticillioides FvAtfA, bZIP-type transcription factors with a special focus on pathogenic species. We demonstrate that fungal Atf1-AtfA-FvAtfA orthologs play an important role in vegetative growth, sexual and asexual development, stress response, secondary metabolite production, and virulence both in human pathogens, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium marneffei, and Cryptococcus neoformans and plant pathogens, like Fusarium ssp., Magnaporthe oryzae, Claviceps purpurea, Botrytis cinerea, and Verticillium dahliae. KEY POINTS: • Atf1 orthologs play crucial role in the growth and development of fungi. • Atf1 orthologs orchestrate environmental stress response of fungi. • Secondary metabolite production and virulence are coordinated by Atf1 orthologs.
信号转导途径的调节对于真菌细胞内稳态和生物体发育至关重要。转录因子是这个调控网络的关键要素。bZIP 型转录因子的碱性区亮氨酸拉链（bZIP）结构域负责 DNA 结合，而它们的亮氨酸拉链结构基序适合彼此二聚化，促进同型二聚体或异型二聚体 bZIP 蛋白的形成。本综述重点介绍了裂殖酵母 Atf1、构巢曲霉 AtfA 和轮枝镰孢 FvAtfA 的真菌同源物的功能的最新知识，这些 bZIP 型转录因子特别关注病原物种。我们证明了真菌 Atf1-AtfA-FvAtfA 同源物在营养生长、有性和无性发育、应激反应、次生代谢产物产生和毒力方面发挥重要作用，这些真菌包括人类病原体烟曲霉、卷枝毛霉、马尔尼菲青霉和新生隐球菌，以及植物病原体，如镰孢菌、稻瘟病菌、麦角菌、灰葡萄孢和维管束萎蔫病菌。要点： • Atf1 同源物在真菌的生长和发育中起着至关重要的作用。 • Atf1 同源物协调真菌的环境应激反应。 • 次生代谢产物的产生和毒力由 Atf1 同源物协调。
