Yang Ming, Luo Shilu, Wang Xi, Li Chenrui, Yang Jinfei, Zhu Xuejing, Xiao Li, Sun Lin
Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Jul 9;9:684526. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.684526. eCollection 2021.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important cellular organelles and is essential for cell homeostasis. Upon external stimulation, ER stress induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to maintain ER homeostasis. However, persistent ER stress can lead to cell damage. ER-phagy is a selective form of autophagy that ensures the timely removal of damaged ER, thereby protecting cells from damage caused by excessive ER stress. As ER-phagy is a newly identified form of autophagy, many receptor-mediated ER-phagy pathways have been discovered in recent years. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the maintenance of ER homeostasis and describe the receptors identified to date. Finally, the relationships between ER-phagy and diseases are also discussed.
内质网（ER）是最重要的细胞器之一，对细胞内环境稳定至关重要。在外部刺激下，内质网应激会诱导未折叠蛋白反应（UPR）和内质网相关降解（ERAD）以维持内质网的内环境稳定。然而，持续的内质网应激会导致细胞损伤。内质网自噬是一种选择性自噬形式，可确保及时清除受损的内质网，从而保护细胞免受过度内质网应激造成的损伤。由于内质网自噬是一种新发现的自噬形式，近年来已发现许多受体介导的内质网自噬途径。在本综述中，我们总结了对内质网内环境稳定维持的理解，并描述了迄今为止已鉴定的受体。最后，还讨论了内质网自噬与疾病之间的关系。
