Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan, 650200, Kunming, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, 650500, Kunming, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Jul 26;11(1):15200. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-94741-0.
Amomum tsao-ko, as an edible and medicinal variety, has been cultivated for more than 600 years in China. Recently, two cultivars, A. tsao-ko and Amomum paratsao-ko, were found in A. tsao-ko planting area. The two cultivars are often confused because of the similar phenotype and difficult to distinguish through sensory judgment. In this study, the non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) metabolomics combined with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used for dissecting the two cultivars with phenotypic differences. According to principal component analysis (PCA) loading diagram and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) S-plot of the metabolites, the accumulation of major components including 1,8-cineole, α-phellandrene, (E)-2-decenal, (-)-β-pinene, (E)-2-octenal, 1-octanal, D-limonene, and decanal, were present differences between the two cultivars. Seven metabolites potential differentiated biomarkers as β-selinene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, (E,Z)-2,6-dodecadienal, (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-decenal, isogeranial, 1,8-cineole and β-cubebene were determined. Although A. tsao-ko and A. paratsao-ko belong to the same genera and are similar in plant and fruit morphology, the composition and content of the main components were exposed significant discrepancy, so it is necessary to distinguish them. In this study, the discriminant model established by GC-MS or NIRS combined with multivariate analysis has achieved a good classification effect. NIRS has the advantages of simple, fast and nondestructive and can be used for rapid identification of varieties and fruit tissues.
草果作为一种食用和药用品种，在中国已经种植了 600 多年。最近，在草果种植区发现了两个品种，草果和益智。由于表型相似，这两个品种经常被混淆，难以通过感官判断来区分。在这项研究中，采用非靶向气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）代谢组学结合近红外光谱（NIRS）技术，对表型差异较大的两个品种进行剖析。根据代谢物的主成分分析（PCA）载荷图和正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）S 图，1,8-桉叶素、α-蒎烯、（E）-2-癸烯醛、（-）-β-蒎烯、（E）-2-辛烯醛、1-辛醛、D-柠檬烯和癸醛等主要成分的积累存在差异。确定了 7 种潜在的差异代谢物作为β-榄香烯、十甲基环五硅氧烷、（E,Z）-2,6-十二碳二烯醛、（E）-2-己烯醛、（E）-2-癸烯醛、异橙花醛、1,8-桉叶素和β-荜澄茄烯。虽然草果和益智属于同一属，植物和果实形态相似，但主要成分的组成和含量存在明显差异，因此有必要对它们进行区分。本研究中，GC-MS 或 NIRS 结合多元分析建立的判别模型取得了较好的分类效果。NIRS 具有简单、快速、无损的优点，可用于品种和果实组织的快速鉴定。
