Clinic of Small Animal Medicine, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
J Feline Med Surg. 2022 Jun;24(6):484-492. doi: 10.1177/1098612X211028838. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
Ultrasonography of the caudal vena cava (CVC) has been previously established to assess fluid status in dogs but not in cats. The aim of this study was to determine CVC diameter changes during feline blood donation.
Inter- and intra-observer variability were assessed in 11 client-owned cats. Minimal and maximal CVC diameters were assessed longitudinally in the subxiphoid view (SV) and right paralumbar view (PV), and transversely in the right hepatic intercostal view (HV). Eighteen client-owned, healthy, anaesthetised cats were evaluated during 21 blood donation procedures of 10 ml/kg in the same anatomical locations before (T0) and after (T1) blood donation, and after volume resuscitation with 30 ml/kg lactated Ringer's solution (T2). The CVC index was calculated.
Intra-observer variability was acceptable for all probe positions, except for the HV, whereas inter-observer variability was considered unacceptable for all probe positions. Complete measurements were obtained during 21 blood donations at T0, T1 and T2 at the SV, during 18/21 blood donations at the HV and during 16/21 blood donations at the PV. At the SV, the minimal CVC diameter between T1 and T2 ( <0.001), and the maximal CVC diameter between T0 and T1 and between T1 and T2 ( <0.001) were significantly different. At the HV, the minimal vertical diameter, maximal vertical diameter and minimal horizontal diameter were different between all timepoints ( <0.001). The maximal horizontal diameter was different between T1 and T2 ( = 0.002). At the PV, both diameters were different between all timepoints ( <0.001). The CVC index was not different between timepoints.
Significant probe position dependent CVC diameter changes with marked overlap were observed before and after blood donation, and after fluid bolus. No absolute CVC diameter could be used to indicate hypovolaemia. Ultrasonographic assessment of the feline CVC is highly operator-dependent. The CVC index is not useful in cats.
已经证实，通过对犬尾腔静脉（CVC）进行超声检查可以评估其液体状态，但尚未在猫中进行研究。本研究旨在确定猫在献血过程中 CVC 直径的变化。
在 11 只患有疾病的猫中评估了观察者内和观察者间的变异性。在剑突下（SV）和右肋旁（PV）矢状面以及右肝肋间（HV）横切面纵向评估最小和最大 CVC 直径。在 21 次采血过程中，对 18 只接受麻醉的健康、患有疾病的猫进行了评估，在相同的解剖位置采血 10ml/kg，分别在采血前（T0）、采血后（T1）以及体积复苏后（T2，给予 30ml/kg 乳酸林格氏液）进行评估。计算 CVC 指数。
除 HV 外，所有探头位置的观察者内变异性均在可接受范围内，而所有探头位置的观察者间变异性均被认为不可接受。在 SV 上，在 T0、T1 和 T2 时，在 21 次采血过程中可以获得完整的测量值；在 HV 上，在 18/21 次采血过程中可以获得完整的测量值；在 PV 上，在 16/21 次采血过程中可以获得完整的测量值。在 SV 上，T1 与 T2 之间的最小 CVC 直径（<0.001）和 T0 与 T1 之间以及 T1 与 T2 之间的最大 CVC 直径（<0.001）有显著差异。在 HV 上，最小垂直直径、最大垂直直径和最小水平直径在所有时间点均有差异（<0.001）。T1 与 T2 之间最大水平直径有差异（=0.002）。在 PV 上，两个直径在所有时间点均有差异（<0.001）。CVC 指数在各时间点无差异。
在献血前后以及液体冲击后，观察到明显的与探头位置相关的 CVC 直径变化，并且重叠度较大。没有绝对的 CVC 直径可以用于指示低血容量。猫的 CVC 超声评估高度依赖操作者。CVC 指数在猫中没有用处。
