Departamento de Neurociências e Ciências do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021 Jul 23;54(8):e11447. doi: 10.1590/1414-431X2021e11447. eCollection 2021.
Knowledge about the needs of psychiatric patients is essential for mental health care planning. However, research on met and unmet needs is still scarce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to describe the patients' needs (met and unmet) at least four years after their first psychiatric hospitalization and to verify the role of demographic and clinical features as possible predictors of these needs. Patients who had their first psychiatric admission between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007 at an inpatient unit in the city of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, were eligible to participate in the study. Patients were contacted and face-to-face interviews were conducted by psychologists using the Camberwell Assessment of Need. Data were analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. Of 933 eligible patients, 333 were interviewed. The highest level of needs was related to welfare benefits (32.4%, unmet=25.5%), followed by household skills (30.3%, unmet=3.0%), psychotic symptoms (29.4%, unmet=9.0%), psychological distress (27.6%, unmet=8.4%), physical health (24.3%, unmet=5.4%), daytime activities (19.5%, unmet=16.5%), and money (16.8%, unmet=9.0%). Fewer years of schooling, living with relatives, and unemployment at the moment of the first admission were significantly associated with a higher number of both met and unmet needs in the follow-up. Unmet needs were also more often reported by patients living alone. In conclusion, socioeconomic indicators were the best predictors of needs. The unmet needs related to welfare benefits point to the need for specific social and health policies.
关于精神科患者需求的知识对于精神卫生保健规划至关重要。然而，有关满足和未满足需求的研究仍然很少，尤其是在中低收入国家。本研究旨在描述患者在首次精神病住院至少四年后的需求（已满足和未满足），并验证人口统计学和临床特征作为这些需求的可能预测因素的作用。
巴西里贝朗普雷图市住院病房于 2006 年 1 月 1 日至 2007 年 12 月 31 日期间首次入院的患者有资格参加该研究。通过心理学家使用 Camberwell 需求评估对患者进行联系和面对面访谈。使用零膨胀负二项回归模型分析数据。在 933 名符合条件的患者中，有 333 名接受了采访。需求最高的是福利（32.4%，未满足=25.5%），其次是家务技能（30.3%，未满足=3.0%）、精神病症状（29.4%，未满足=9.0%）、心理困扰（27.6%，未满足=8.4%）、身体健康（24.3%，未满足=5.4%）、日间活动（19.5%，未满足=16.5%）和金钱（16.8%，未满足=9.0%）。
首次入院时受教育年限较少、与亲属同住和失业与随访中更多的满足和未满足需求显著相关。独居患者也更常报告未满足的需求。总之，社会经济指标是需求的最佳预测因素。与福利相关的未满足需求表明需要制定具体的社会和卫生政策。
