Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Immunol. 2021 Jul 12;12:701501. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701501. eCollection 2021.
Coronavirus 19 Disease (COVID-19) originating in the province of Wuhan, China in 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), whose infection in humans causes mild or severe clinical manifestations that mainly affect the respiratory system. So far, the COVID-19 has caused more than 2 million deaths worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 contains the Spike (S) glycoprotein on its surface, which is the main target for current vaccine development because antibodies directed against this protein can neutralize the infection. Companies and academic institutions have developed vaccines based on the S glycoprotein, as well as its antigenic domains and epitopes, which have been proven effective in generating neutralizing antibodies. However, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants could affect the effectiveness of vaccines. Here, we review the different types of vaccines designed and developed against SARS-CoV-2, placing emphasis on whether they are based on the complete S glycoprotein, its antigenic domains such as the receptor-binding domain (RBD) or short epitopes within the S glycoprotein. We also review and discuss the possible effectiveness of these vaccines against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
2019 年源自中国湖北省武汉市的冠状病毒 19 病（COVID-19），是由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的，人类感染该病毒会引起轻微或严重的临床症状，主要影响呼吸系统。到目前为止，COVID-19 在全球范围内已导致超过 200 万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2 在其表面包含 Spike（S）糖蛋白，这是当前疫苗开发的主要目标，因为针对该蛋白的抗体可以中和感染。公司和学术机构已经基于 S 糖蛋白及其抗原结构域和表位开发了疫苗，这些疫苗已被证明可以有效产生中和抗体。然而，新的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的出现可能会影响疫苗的有效性。在这里，我们回顾了针对 SARS-CoV-2 设计和开发的不同类型的疫苗，重点介绍了它们是否基于完整的 S 糖蛋白、其抗原结构域（如受体结合域（RBD））或 S 糖蛋白内的短表位。我们还回顾和讨论了这些疫苗对新出现的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的可能有效性。
