State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14 Section 3, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
J Leukoc Biol. 2021 Sep;110(3):553-563. doi: 10.1002/JLB.3MR0621-731RR. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
The underlying mechanisms and treatment of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are important but understudied topics in craniofacial research. As a group of musculoskeletal diseases, the onset of painful TMD is proved to be a result of disturbance of multiple systems. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed the involvement of neuroimmune interactions in painful TMD. Inflammatory factors play an important role in peripheral sensitization of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and neurogenic inflammation in turn enhances TMJs dysfunction in TMD. Furthermore, centralized neuroimmune communications contribute to neuron excitability amplification, leading to pain sensitization, and is also responsible for chronic TMD pain and other CNS symptoms. Therapeutics targeting neuroimmune interactions may shed light on new approaches for treating TMD. In this review, we will discuss the role of neuroimmune interactions in the onset of painful TMD from the peripheral and centralized perspectives, and how understanding this mechanism could provide new treatment options. Insights into the neuroimmune interactions within TMJs and painful TMD would broaden the knowledge of mechanisms and treatments of this multifactorial disease.
颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）疼痛的潜在机制和治疗是头面部研究中重要但研究不足的课题。作为一组肌肉骨骼疾病，疼痛性 TMD 的发作被证实是多个系统紊乱的结果。最近，新出现的证据表明神经免疫相互作用参与了疼痛性 TMD。炎症因子在 TMJ 的外周敏化中起重要作用，而神经源性炎症反过来又增强了 TMD 中的 TMJ 功能障碍。此外，中枢神经免疫通讯有助于神经元兴奋性放大，导致痛觉敏感化，这也是慢性 TMD 疼痛和其他中枢神经系统症状的原因。针对神经免疫相互作用的治疗方法可能为治疗 TMD 提供新的方法。在这篇综述中，我们将从外周和中枢两个方面讨论神经免疫相互作用在疼痛性 TMD 发病中的作用，以及了解这一机制如何为新的治疗方法提供依据。深入了解 TMJ 内的神经免疫相互作用和疼痛性 TMD 将拓宽对这一多因素疾病的机制和治疗的认识。
