Chen Peng, Richter Janine, Wang Gang, Li Dongqi, Pietsch Tobias, Ruck Michael
Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany.
Small. 2021 Sep;17(36):e2102058. doi: 10.1002/smll.202102058. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Ionometallurgy is a new development aiming at the sustainable low-temperature conversion of naturally occurring metal ores and minerals to their metals or valuable chemicals in ionic liquids (ILs) or deep eutectic solvents. The IL betainium bis((trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl)imide, [Hbet][NTf ], is especially suited for this process due to its redox-stability and specific-functionalization. The potentiostatic electrodeposition of zinc and lead starting directly from ZnO and PbO, which dissolve in [Hbet][NTf ] in high concentrations is reported. The initial reduction potentials of zinc(II) and lead(II) are about -1.5 and -1.0 V, respectively. The ionic conductivity of the solution of ZnO in [Hbet][NTf ] is measured and the effect of various temperatures and potentials on the morphology of the deposited material is explored. The IL proves to be stable under the chosen conditions. From IL-solutions, where ZnO, PbO, and MgO have been dissolved, metallic Zn and Pb are deposited under potentiostatic control either consecutively by step-electrodeposition or together in a co-electrodeposition. Using the method, Zn is also deposited on 3D copper foam and assembles into high-voltage zinc-graphite battery. It exhibits a working-voltage up to 2.7 V, an output midpoint discharge-voltage of up to 2.16 V, up to 98.6% capacity-retention after 150 cycles, and good rate performance.
离子冶金是一项新进展，旨在实现天然金属矿石和矿物在离子液体（ILs）或深共熔溶剂中可持续低温转化为其金属或有价值的化学品。离子液体甜菜碱双（（三氟甲基）磺酰）亚胺，[Hbet][NTf₂]，因其氧化还原稳定性和特定功能化，特别适合此过程。报道了直接从高浓度溶解于[Hbet][NTf₂]中的ZnO和PbO开始进行锌和铅的恒电位电沉积。锌（II）和铅（II）的初始还原电位分别约为-1.5 V和-1.0 V。测量了ZnO在[Hbet][NTf₂]溶液中的离子电导率，并探究了不同温度和电位对沉积材料形态的影响。结果表明，在所选择的条件下该离子液体是稳定的。在恒电位控制下，从溶解了ZnO、PbO和MgO的离子液体溶液中，通过分步电沉积依次沉积出金属Zn和Pb，或者通过共电沉积同时沉积出金属Zn和Pb。使用该方法，Zn还沉积在三维泡沫铜上，并组装成高压锌 - 石墨电池。它的工作电压高达2.7 V，输出中点放电电压高达2.16 V，150次循环后容量保持率高达98.6%，且倍率性能良好。
