College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Sep 15;418:126395. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126395. Epub 2021 Jun 12.
Cloransulam-methyl and diclosulam are applied to soybean fields to control broad-leaved weeds. These herbicides have become a focus of attention because of their low application dose and high-efficiency advantages. However, the effects of these two herbicides on soil microorganisms are unknown. The present study investigated the effects of 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 mg kg of cloransulam-methyl or diclosulam on soil microbes after 7, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days of exposure. The results showed that the two herbicides increased the abundances of functional bacteria related to pesticide degradation. Based on the genetic expression results, we speculated that 0.05 mg kg of these two herbicides inhibited the nitrification reaction but promoted the denitrification reaction. Diclosulam at a concentration of 0.5 mg kg may enhance the ability of microbes to fix carbon. β-glucosidase activity was activated by the two herbicides at a concentration of 2.5 mg kg. Diclosulam had a positive effect on urease, but cloransulam-methyl activated urease activity only at concentrations of 0.05 and 0.5 mg kg. The results of the integrated biomarker response showed that the toxicity of diclosulam was greater than that of cloransulam-methyl. Our research provides data for evaluating the environmental risks of cloransulam-methyl and diclosulam.
氯氨吡啶酸甲酯和双氯磺草胺被应用于大豆田来控制阔叶杂草。由于其低施用量和高效的优点，这些除草剂已成为关注焦点。然而，这两种除草剂对土壤微生物的影响尚不清楚。本研究调查了 0.05、0.5 和 2.5mg/kg 的氯氨吡啶酸甲酯或双氯磺草胺在暴露 7、14、28、42 和 56 天后对土壤微生物的影响。结果表明，这两种除草剂增加了与农药降解有关的功能细菌的丰度。基于遗传表达结果，我们推测 0.05mg/kg 的这两种除草剂抑制了硝化反应，但促进了反硝化反应。0.5mg/kg 的双氯磺草胺可能增强了微生物固定碳的能力。β-葡萄糖苷酶活性在 2.5mg/kg 的浓度下被两种除草剂激活。双氯磺草胺对脲酶有积极影响，但氯氨吡啶酸甲酯仅在 0.05 和 0.5mg/kg 的浓度下激活脲酶活性。综合生物标志物响应的结果表明，双氯磺草胺的毒性大于氯氨吡啶酸甲酯。我们的研究为评估氯氨吡啶酸甲酯和双氯磺草胺的环境风险提供了数据。
