State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2023 Apr;126:827-835. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.04.004. Epub 2022 Apr 15.
As one typical cationic disinfectant, quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were approved for surface disinfection in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and then unintentionally or intentionally released into the surrounding environment. Concerningly, it is still unclear how the soil microbial community succession happens and the nitrogen (N) cycling processes alter when exposed to QACs. In this study, one common QAC (benzalkonium chloride (BAC) was selected as the target contaminant, and its effects on the temporal changes in soil microbial community structure and nitrogen transformation processes were determined by qPCR and 16S rRNA sequencing-based methods. The results showed that the aerobic microbial degradation of BAC in the two different soils followed first-order kinetics with a half-life (4.92 vs. 17.33 days) highly dependent on the properties of the soil. BAC activated the abundance of N fixation gene (nifH) and nitrification genes (AOA and AOB) in the soil and inhibited that of denitrification gene (narG). BAC exposure resulted in the decrease of the alpha diversity of soil microbial community and the enrichment of Crenarchaeota and Proteobacteria. This study demonstrates that BAC degradation is accompanied by changes in soil microbial community structure and N transformation capacity.
作为一种典型的阳离子消毒剂，季铵盐（QACs）在 2019 年冠状病毒病大流行期间被批准用于表面消毒，然后意外或有意地释放到周围环境中。令人担忧的是，当暴露于 QACs 时，土壤微生物群落演替如何发生以及氮（N）循环过程如何改变仍然不清楚。在这项研究中，选择一种常见的 QAC（苯扎氯铵（BAC）作为目标污染物，通过 qPCR 和基于 16S rRNA 测序的方法确定其对土壤微生物群落结构和氮转化过程随时间变化的影响。结果表明，BAC 在两种不同土壤中的好氧微生物降解遵循一级动力学，半衰期（4.92 天 vs. 17.33 天）高度依赖于土壤特性。BAC 激活了土壤中固氮基因（nifH）和硝化基因（AOA 和 AOB）的丰度，并抑制了反硝化基因（narG）的丰度。BAC 暴露导致土壤微生物群落的 alpha 多样性降低，并且 Crenarchaeota 和 Proteobacteria 的富集。本研究表明，BAC 降解伴随着土壤微生物群落结构和 N 转化能力的变化。
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