Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2021 Jul 30;16(7):e0255288. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255288. eCollection 2021.
Few studies are available for assessing the current situation of 3D printing in veterinary medicine, due to the recent popularization of this technology. This study aimed to simulate a 3D model of the femorotibiopatellar joint of dogs based on the medial patellar luxation. The scanning, editing and printing of the femur, tibia, fibula and patella of a dog from the Laboratory of Anatomy of FMVZ USP were performed.
Three femorotibiopatellar joint models were printed: one representing a healthy join without alterations; the second one with the medially deviated tibial tuberosity; and a last one representing the shifted tibial tuberosity and the trochlear sulcus flattened as consequence. The 3D edition consisted of medial rotation of the tibia and tibial tuberosity (22° against the healthy tibia), and the flatten of the medial femoral condyle (0.2 cm) and femoral trochlear groove. After printing, the corresponding measurements were taken with the alterations and the bone models were made with elastics to represent the anatomical components of the dog joint. Finally, the measurements corresponding to the distance from the patellar ligament to the lateral femoral condyle were taken in each specimen, in order to observe the change in position of the ligament according to the occurrence of the bone alterations.
We printed 3D articular anatomical components of the femurotibiopatellar joint that could be valuable educational tools for the study of medial patellar luxation in dogs.
由于这项技术最近才普及，因此很少有研究可以评估兽医领域 3D 打印的现状。本研究旨在基于犬内侧髌骨脱位模拟犬的股胫髌关节 3D 模型。从 FMVZ USP 的解剖学实验室对一只狗的股骨、胫骨、腓骨和髌骨进行扫描、编辑和打印。
共打印出三个股胫髌关节模型：一个代表没有改变的健康关节；第二个代表内侧偏离的胫骨结节；最后一个代表胫骨结节移位和滑车沟变平。3D 编辑包括胫骨和胫骨结节的内侧旋转（相对于健康胫骨旋转 22°），以及股骨内髁（0.2cm）和股骨滑车沟的变平。打印后，用弹性材料对相应的测量值进行了改变，并对骨骼模型进行了制作，以代表狗关节的解剖结构。最后，在每个标本上测量髌韧带到外侧股骨髁的距离，以观察韧带根据骨骼改变的位置变化。
我们打印出了犬股胫髌关节的关节解剖结构 3D 模型，这可能是研究犬内侧髌骨脱位的有价值的教育工具。
