Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Unidad de Posgrado Edificio B Primer Piso Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, CP, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. de los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz, CP, 54090, Estado de México, Mexico.
Chem Biol Interact. 2021 Sep 25;347:109596. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109596. Epub 2021 Jul 28.
Inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) challenges mobile and immobile barriers in the respiratory tract, which can be represented by type II pneumocytes (immobile) and monocytes (mobile) but what is more important for biological effects, the cell linage, or the type of nanoparticle? Here, we addressed these questions and we demonstrated that the type of NPs exerts a higher influence on biological effects, but cell linages also respond differently against similar type of NPs.
Type II pneumocytes and monocytes were exposed to tin dioxide (SnO) NPs and titanium dioxide (TiO) NPs (1, 10 and 50 μg/cm) for 24 h and cell viability, ultrastructure, cell granularity, molecular spectra of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and cytoskeleton architecture were evaluated.
SnO NPs and TiO NPs are metal oxides with similar physicochemical properties. However, in the absence of cytotoxicity, SnO NPs uptake was low in monocytes and higher in type II pneumocytes, while TiO NPs were highly internalized by both types of cells. Monocytes exposed to both types of NPs displayed higher number of alterations in the molecular patterns of proteins and nuclei acids analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) than type II pneumocytes. In addition, cells exposed to TiO NPs showed more displacements in FTIR spectra of biomolecules than cells exposed to SnO NPs. Regarding cell architecture, microtubules were stable in type II pneumocytes exposed to both types of NPs but actin filaments displayed a higher number of alterations in type II pneumocytes and monocytes exposed to SnO NPs and TiO NPs. NPs exposure induced the formation of large vacuoles only in monocytes, which were not seen in type II pneumocytes.
Most of the cellular effects are influenced by the NPs exposure rather than by the cell type. However, mobile, and immobile barriers in the respiratory tract displayed differential response against SnO NPs and TiO NPs in absence of cytotoxicity, in which monocytes were more susceptible than type II pneumocytes to NPs exposure.
吸入的纳米颗粒（NPs）挑战了呼吸道中的可移动和不可移动屏障，这些屏障可以由 II 型肺泡细胞（不可移动）和单核细胞（可移动）来代表，但对于生物效应来说，更重要的是细胞谱系还是纳米颗粒的类型？在这里，我们解决了这些问题，并证明了纳米颗粒的类型对生物效应有更高的影响，但细胞谱系对类似类型的纳米颗粒也有不同的反应。
将二氧化锡（SnO）纳米颗粒和二氧化钛（TiO）纳米颗粒（1、10 和 50μg/cm）暴露于 II 型肺泡细胞和单核细胞 24 小时，并评估细胞活力、超微结构、细胞粒度、脂质、蛋白质和核酸的分子光谱以及细胞骨架结构。
SnO NPs 和 TiO NPs 是具有相似物理化学性质的金属氧化物。然而，在没有细胞毒性的情况下，单核细胞中 SnO NPs 的摄取量较低，而 II 型肺泡细胞中摄取量较高，而两种类型的细胞都高度内化了 TiO NPs。暴露于两种类型的 NPs 的单核细胞显示出更高数量的蛋白质和核酸的分子模式改变，这是通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析的。此外，暴露于 TiO NPs 的细胞在 FTIR 光谱中显示出更多的生物分子位移，而暴露于 SnO NPs 的细胞则较少。关于细胞结构，微管在暴露于两种类型的 NPs 的 II 型肺泡细胞中保持稳定，但肌动蛋白丝在暴露于 SnO NPs 和 TiO NPs 的 II 型肺泡细胞和单核细胞中显示出更高数量的改变。NPs 暴露仅在单核细胞中诱导大空泡的形成，而在 II 型肺泡细胞中则没有观察到。
大多数细胞效应受 NPs 暴露的影响，而不是细胞类型。然而，在没有细胞毒性的情况下，呼吸道中的可移动和不可移动屏障对 SnO NPs 和 TiO NPs 表现出不同的反应，其中单核细胞比 II 型肺泡细胞对 NPs 暴露更敏感。
