School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Behav Brain Res. 2021 Sep 24;414:113494. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113494. Epub 2021 Jul 27.
The recognition of facial expressions has been shown to be influenced by contextual odors. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate whether odor has a similar effect on the recognition of bodily expressions, and (2) to analyze the time-course of such effects. Sixty-nine adults were randomized into three groups to identify bodily expressions (happy, fearful, and neutral) in three odor environments (pleasant odor, unpleasant odor, and no odor). Event-related potentials (ERPs) induced by the viewing bodily expressions were analyzed. Behaviorally, the unpleasant odor context promoted the recognition of bodily expressions. The ERP results showed odor influences on bodily expression recognition in two phases. In a middle stage phase (150-200 ms post-stimulus onset), VPP amplitudes induced by bodily expressions were greater in an unpleasant odor context than in a pleasant odor context. In a mid-late stage phase (beyond 200 ms), an interaction between contextual odor and bodily expression type was observed. When exposed to an unpleasant contextual odor, N2 and LPP amplitudes related to fearful bodily expressions were smaller than when exposed to other odor contexts, showing the promoting effect of mood coherence effect. Behavioral and ERP evidence confirmed that contextual odor can modulate the visual processing of bodily expressions, with an overall promoting effect of an unpleasant odor on bodily expression processing (phase one) and a specific modulating influence of odors on affectively congruent/incongruent bodily expressions (phase two).
面部表情的识别已被证明受到环境气味的影响。本研究的目的是：（1）探究气味是否对身体表情的识别有类似的影响；（2）分析这种影响的时间进程。69 名成年人被随机分为三组，在三种气味环境（愉快气味、不愉快气味和无气味）下识别身体表情（高兴、恐惧和中性）。分析了观看身体表情时产生的事件相关电位（ERP）。行为上，不愉快的气味环境促进了身体表情的识别。ERP 结果表明，气味在两个阶段影响身体表情的识别。在中期阶段（刺激开始后 150-200 毫秒），不愉快气味环境中身体表情引起的 VPP 振幅大于愉快气味环境。在中晚期阶段（200 毫秒后），观察到上下文气味和身体表达类型之间的相互作用。当暴露于不愉快的环境气味中时，与恐惧身体表情相关的 N2 和 LPP 振幅小于其他气味环境，表明情绪一致性效应的促进作用。行为和 ERP 证据证实，环境气味可以调节身体表情的视觉处理，不愉快气味对身体表情处理有整体促进作用（第一阶段），气味对情感一致/不一致的身体表情有特定的调节影响（第二阶段）。
