Department of Gerontology Health and Welfare, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Department of psychiatry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychology, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Affect Disord. 2021 Nov 1;294:527-532. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.039. Epub 2021 Jul 16.
Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is known to have negative effects on mental as well as physical health. However, the association between SHS and mental health problems has not been assessed in non-smokers. To evaluate the association of exposure to tobacco smoke and depressive symptoms, and that of the prevalence of having depressive symptoms and urinary cotinine (UCo) concentrations in non-exposed subjects.
Data was extracted from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Depressive symptoms were determined based on a patient's overall score on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9, and SHS exposure was evaluated using self-reported data and UCo concentration. Overall, 13,219 non-smokers, ≥ 19 years were included in the study. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to depressive symptoms; independent t-test was conducted to confirm the differences in UCo concentration according to the prevalence of depression.
Among the non-exposure groups, 2.0% of the males and 5.6% of the females showed depressive symptoms. Lower social-economic status, higher UCo concentration, and SHS exposure increased the prevalence of depressive symptoms. The UCo concentration of females with depressive symptoms was significantly higher than those of females without depressive symptoms.
This study only demonstrated an association between SHS exposure and depression, not the causal effects, because of the cross-sectional study design.
SHS exposure and depressive symptoms are correlated. The association was also confirmed by evaluating the UCo concentration of those who were not exposed to SHS based on self-reported data.
二手烟（SHS）暴露已知对心理健康和身体健康都有负面影响。然而，在不吸烟人群中，SHS 与心理健康问题之间的关联尚未得到评估。为了评估接触烟草烟雾与抑郁症状之间的关联，以及非暴露人群中抑郁症状的患病率和尿可替宁（UCo）浓度的关联。
数据取自韩国国家健康和营养检查调查（KNHANES）。抑郁症状是根据患者在病人健康问卷（PHQ-9）上的总评分来确定的，而 SHS 暴露则是通过自我报告数据和 UCo 浓度来评估的。总共纳入了 13219 名≥19 岁的非吸烟者进行研究。采用多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与抑郁症状相关的因素；采用独立 t 检验来确认根据抑郁症状的患病率，UCo 浓度的差异。
在非暴露组中，2.0%的男性和 5.6%的女性出现抑郁症状。较低的社会经济地位、较高的 UCo 浓度和 SHS 暴露增加了抑郁症状的患病率。有抑郁症状的女性的 UCo 浓度明显高于没有抑郁症状的女性。
由于采用横断面研究设计，本研究仅表明 SHS 暴露与抑郁之间存在关联，而非因果关系。
SHS 暴露与抑郁症状相关。通过评估基于自我报告数据未暴露于 SHS 的人群的 UCo 浓度，也证实了这种关联。
