Evaluation of Nephrotoxicity in Oreochromis niloticus After Exposure to Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles: Exposure and Recovery Study.

Nephrotoxic impacts of AlO nanoparticles (NPs) were studied in Oreochromis niloticus after seven days of exposure and fifteen days of recovery periods. Fish were classified as group I (dechlorinated water); group II (2 mg/L AlONPs); group III (4 mg/L AlONPs); group IV (8 mg/L AlONPs). Blood creatinine and uric acid levels showed marked increases in groups III and IV. A dose-dependent disturbance in renal antioxidant components was recorded as indicated by elevated catalase, superoxide dismutase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, and decreased glutathione reduced concentration. Renal histopathology was recorded with the highest % of appearance in group IV. A reduction in renal Al content, kidney function biomarkers (excepting group IV), and enhanced antioxidant status were observed after applying a recovery strategy. Several structural damages were identified following the recovery period, but the alteration frequencies indicated regressive histopathological changes. The AlONPs-induced nephrotoxicity can be reduced after applying a suitable recovery period.