University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Addict Behav. 2021 Dec;123:107045. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107045. Epub 2021 Jul 9.
Pathological Internet use (but only with respect to gaming) is classified as mental disorder in the ICD-11. However, there is a large group of adolescents showing excessive Internet use, which may rather be considered adolescent risk-behavior. The aim was to test whether pathological and excessive Internet use should be considered as "psychopathology" or "risk-behavior". A representative, cross-sectional sample of 11.110 students from 10 European Union countries was analyzed. Structural equation models, including the factors "risk-behavior" and "psychopathology" and the variables excessive and pathological Internet use, were tested against each other. "Risk-behavior" was operationalized by several risk-behaviors (e.g. drug abuse, truancy, etc). "Psychopathology" included measures of several mental disorders (e.g. depression, hyperactivity, etc). Excessive Internet use was assessed as the duration and frequency of Internet use. Pathological Internet use was assessed with the Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (i.e., presence of addiction criteria). Excessive Internet use loaded on "risk-behavior" (λ = 0.484, p < .001) and on "psychopathology" (λ = 0.071, p < .007). Pathological Internet use loaded on "risk-behavior" (λ = 0.333, p < .001) and on "psychopathology" (λ = 0.852, p < .001). Chi-square tests determined that the loadings of excessive Internet use (χ (1) = 81.98, p < .001) were significantly stronger on "risk-behavior" than "psychopathology". Vice versa, pathological Internet use loaded significantly stronger on "psychopathology" (χ (1) = 107.10, p < .001). The results indicate that pathological Internet use should rather be considered as psychopathology. Excessive Internet use on the other hand, should be classified as adolescent risk-behavior.
病理性互联网使用（仅指游戏方面）在《国际疾病分类》第 11 版中被归类为精神障碍。然而，有一大群青少年表现出过度的互联网使用，这更可能被视为青少年风险行为。目的是测试病理性和过度的互联网使用是否应被视为“精神病理学”或“风险行为”。对来自 10 个欧盟国家的 11110 名学生的代表性横断面样本进行了分析。结构方程模型包括“风险行为”和“精神病理学”的因素以及过度和病理性互联网使用的变量，相互之间进行了测试。“风险行为”通过多种风险行为（例如滥用药物、逃学等）来操作。“精神病理学”包括几种精神障碍（例如抑郁症、多动症等）的测量。过度互联网使用被评估为互联网使用的持续时间和频率。病理性互联网使用使用《青年诊断问卷》（即存在成瘾标准）进行评估。过度互联网使用加载在“风险行为”（λ=0.484，p<0.001）和“精神病理学”（λ=0.071，p<0.007）上。病理性互联网使用加载在“风险行为”（λ=0.333，p<0.001）和“精神病理学”（λ=0.852，p<0.001）上。卡方检验确定，过度互联网使用的负荷（χ(1)=81.98，p<0.001）在“风险行为”上的负荷明显强于“精神病理学”。反之，病理性互联网使用在“精神病理学”上的负荷明显更强（χ(1)=107.10，p<0.001）。结果表明，病理性互联网使用更应被视为精神病理学。另一方面，过度互联网使用应被归类为青少年风险行为。
