荷兰产前护理实践中，营养师为社会经济地位较低的孕妇促进健康饮食摄入的机会：一项定性研究。
Opportunities for dietitians to promote a healthy dietary intake in pregnant women with a low socio-economic status within antenatal care practices in the Netherlands: a qualitative study.
机构信息
Health and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University & Research, Postbus 8130, 6700 KN, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
出版信息
J Health Popul Nutr. 2021 Jul 31;40(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s41043-021-00260-z.
BACKGROUND
A healthy dietary intake during pregnancy is important for maternal and child health. However, pregnant women with a low socio-economic status often fail to meet dietary guidelines and requirements for healthy nutrition. Dietitians may play an important role in providing nutritional advice during pregnancy because midwives often experience a lack of nutritional knowledge, time and skills to provide adequate advice. However, there is limited research on the support that dietitians can offer in antenatal care practices for pregnant women. Therefore, this study aims to explore the opportunities for dietitians to support pregnant women with a low socio-economic status in concurrent antenatal care practices in the Netherlands.
METHODS
In-depth interviews were conducted with 14 pregnant women with a low socio-economic status and 13 dietitians to identify barriers for healthy eating for pregnant women and the associated opportunities for dietitians to support these women in making healthy dietary changes.
RESULTS
Four opportunities for dietitians to support pregnant women in making dietary changes could be discerned: (1) creating awareness of healthy and unhealthy eating patterns, (2) providing reliable and personally relevant information, (3) help identifying barriers and solutions for healthy eating and (4) making healthy eating manageable. Dietitians indicated that supporting pregnant women with a low socio-economic status in consuming a healthy diet requires the investment of sufficient time, effort and money.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietitians are trained and well-equipped to provide extensive support to pregnant women to promote a healthy dietary intake, especially when the complex interplay of barriers that pregnant women with a low socio-economic status experience for healthy eating needs to be addressed. In addition, there is a strong need for strengthening the collaboration between dietitians and midwives because midwives are the primary care provider for pregnant women in the Netherlands, but they often lack sufficient opportunities to provide adequate nutrition support. Strengthening this collaboration could promote that nutrition becomes a recurring and standard topic in antenatal care.
背景
孕妇在妊娠期间保持健康的饮食摄入对母婴健康都很重要。然而，社会经济地位较低的孕妇往往无法满足饮食指南和健康营养的要求。营养师在为孕妇提供营养建议方面可能发挥着重要作用，因为助产士往往缺乏营养知识、时间和技能来提供足够的建议。然而，关于营养师在为社会经济地位较低的孕妇提供产前保健服务时能够提供的支持，相关研究有限。因此，本研究旨在探讨营养师在荷兰同期产前保健实践中为社会经济地位较低的孕妇提供支持的机会。
方法
对 14 名社会经济地位较低的孕妇和 13 名营养师进行深入访谈，以确定孕妇健康饮食的障碍因素以及营养师支持这些孕妇做出健康饮食改变的机会。
结果
营养师支持孕妇改变饮食习惯的四个机会：（1）提高对健康和不健康饮食模式的认识；（2）提供可靠且与个人相关的信息；（3）帮助识别健康饮食的障碍和解决方案；（4）使健康饮食变得可行。营养师表示，支持社会经济地位较低的孕妇健康饮食需要投入足够的时间、精力和资金。
结论
营养师经过培训，具备提供广泛支持孕妇促进健康饮食摄入的能力，尤其是当需要解决社会经济地位较低的孕妇在健康饮食方面面临的复杂障碍相互作用时。此外，还需要加强营养师和助产士之间的合作，因为助产士是荷兰孕妇的主要护理提供者，但他们往往缺乏提供足够营养支持的机会。加强这种合作可以促进营养成为产前保健的一个经常性和标准性话题。
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