Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678623, India.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678623, India.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2021 Oct;1865(10):129971. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129971. Epub 2021 Jul 29.
Membrane-bound intracellular organelles have characteristic shapes attributed to different local membrane curvatures, and these attributes are conserved across species. Over the past decade, it has been confirmed that specific proteins control the large curvatures of the membrane, whereas many others due to their specific structural features can sense the curvatures and bind to the specific geometrical cues. Elucidating the interplay between sensing and induction is indispensable to understand the mechanisms behind various biological processes such as vesicular trafficking and budding.
We provide an overview of major classes of membrane proteins and the mechanisms of curvature sensing and induction. We then discuss the importance of membrane elastic characteristics to induce the membrane shapes similar to intracellular organelles. Finally, we survey recently available assays developed for studying the curvature sensing and induction by many proteins.
Recent theoretical/computational modeling along with experimental studies have uncovered fascinating connections between lipid membrane and protein interactions. However, the phenomena of protein localization and synchronization to generate spatiotemporal dynamics in membrane morphology are yet to be fully understood.
The understanding of protein-membrane interactions is essential to shed light on various biological processes. This further enables the technological applications of many natural proteins/peptides in therapeutic treatments. The studies of membrane dynamic shapes help to understand the fundamental functions of membranes, while the medicinal roles of various macromolecules (such as proteins, peptides, etc.) are being increasingly investigated.
膜结合的细胞内细胞器具有不同局部膜曲率赋予的特征形状，并且这些属性在物种间是保守的。在过去的十年中，已经证实特定的蛋白质控制膜的大曲率，而许多其他蛋白质由于其特定的结构特征，可以感知曲率并结合特定的几何线索。阐明感应和诱导之间的相互作用对于理解各种生物学过程（如囊泡运输和出芽）背后的机制是必不可少的。
我们提供了主要膜蛋白类别以及曲率感应和诱导机制的概述。然后，我们讨论了膜弹性特征对于诱导类似于细胞内细胞器的膜形状的重要性。最后，我们调查了最近开发的用于研究许多蛋白质的曲率感应和诱导的可用测定法。
最近的理论/计算建模以及实验研究揭示了脂质膜和蛋白质相互作用之间引人入胜的联系。然而，蛋白质的定位和同步现象以在膜形态的时空动力学中产生仍然有待完全理解。
对蛋白质-膜相互作用的理解对于阐明各种生物学过程至关重要。这进一步使许多天然蛋白质/肽在治疗中的技术应用成为可能。膜动态形状的研究有助于理解膜的基本功能，而各种大分子（如蛋白质、肽等）的药用作用正越来越受到研究。
