Department of Earth Sciences, University of Tabriz, 29 Bahman Blvd, Tabriz, 5166616471, Iran.
Central Laboratory of University of Zanjan, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan;29(1):498-508. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15593-9. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
The present study aimed to investigate the persistence and existence of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and related dissipation products in the environment of Sardasht area, Iran. Three types of environmental samples including water, soil, and native local plant materials were collected and analyzed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the electron impact ionization mode has been developed for the separation, screening, identification, and qualification of chemicals after the sample preparation methods. The initial results revealed that no trace of related compounds or CWAs was detected in the soil and water samples. However, trace amounts of some degradation products of blistering agents like mustard gas (HD) and lewisite were found in a tree wood from a house subjected to chemical attack as well as in barley samples (a mixture of leaves and root) collected from an agricultural field in the area indicating chronic low exposure to the environment and people. In order to validate the applied extraction procedures, ethylene glycol was spiked to some of the samples including groundwater, surface soil, grape, and alfalfa plants. All the recoveries were in the range of 83.6-107.4% with the relative standard deviations varying from 4.9% to 12.4% (n = 3) successfully.
本研究旨在调查化学战剂（CWA）及其相关消解产物在伊朗萨达尔什特地区环境中的持久性和存在情况。采集了包括水、土壤和当地原生植物材料在内的三种类型的环境样本，并进行了分析。采用电子轰击电离模式的气相色谱-质谱法，对样品制备方法后进行了化学品的分离、筛选、鉴定和定量。初步结果显示，在土壤和水样中未检测到相关化合物或 CWA 的痕迹。然而，在一所曾遭受化学袭击的房屋的树木木材以及该地区农田中采集的大麦样本（叶和根的混合物）中发现了一些糜烂性毒剂（HD）和路易氏剂的降解产物的痕量，表明人们和环境受到慢性低水平暴露。为了验证所应用的提取程序，将乙二醇添加到包括地下水、表层土壤、葡萄和紫花苜蓿植物在内的一些样本中。所有回收率均在 83.6-107.4%范围内，相对标准偏差在 4.9%-12.4%（n=3）之间。
