Sun Yifang, Wang Ninglian
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710027, Shaanxi Province, China.
Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi Province, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Jan;29(1):483-497. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-15278-3. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
China's Loess Plateau Region (LPR) plays a significant role in national ecological security and development. Due to the advantage that relates environment with economy, eco-efficiency has become an important indicator of sustainable analysis. Using cross-level panel data for the period 2006-2017, this paper studied LPR's static eco-efficiency and dynamic performance through a combined application of DEA super-efficient slack-based measure and Malmquist Productivity Index at multi-scales. LPR's eco-efficiency was found to experience a slight increase during the study period. The value decreased roughly from east to west, with high eco-efficiency mainly distributed in provincial cities and resource-based cities. The decomposition of the Malmquist Index indicated that technological change contributed most to the improvement of eco-efficiency in the LPR. Besides, this paper explained the variations of eco-efficiency based on the integrated input-output indicators and TOBIT regression model. Economic scale, population density, government regulation, technical innovation, and openness degree were identified as positive influencing factors, while the structure of the industry and land-use intensity were found to have negative impacts on eco-efficiency. Resource-based cities were found to have stronger potentials for eco-efficiency improvement than non-resource-based cities. This paper revealed the characteristics of LPR's eco-efficiency from three perspectives: a spatiotemporal perspective, a macro-meso-micro perspective, and a static-dynamic perspective. The findings of this study hold important implications for policy makers.
中国黄土高原地区（LPR）在国家生态安全和发展中发挥着重要作用。由于环境与经济相关的优势，生态效率已成为可持续分析的重要指标。本文利用2006 - 2017年的跨层次面板数据，通过综合应用DEA超效率松弛测度和多尺度的Malmquist生产率指数，研究了黄土高原地区的静态生态效率和动态绩效。研究发现，黄土高原地区的生态效率在研究期间略有提高。其值大致从东向西递减，高生态效率主要分布在省会城市和资源型城市。Malmquist指数的分解表明，技术进步对黄土高原地区生态效率的提高贡献最大。此外，本文基于综合投入产出指标和TOBIT回归模型解释了生态效率的变化。经济规模、人口密度、政府监管、技术创新和开放程度被确定为正向影响因素，而产业结构和土地利用强度对生态效率有负面影响。研究发现资源型城市比非资源型城市具有更强的生态效率提升潜力。本文从时空视角、宏观 - 中观 - 微观视角和静态 - 动态视角三个方面揭示了黄土高原地区生态效率的特征。本研究结果对政策制定者具有重要意义。
