Huang Lizhen, Zhang Yixiang, Hong Zhenjie, Xu Xu
School of Mathematics and Physics, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
School of Business, Institute of Public Health & Emergency Management, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2023 Jan;19(1):139-151. doi: 10.1002/ieam.4610. Epub 2022 May 5.
Ecological efficiency (eco-efficiency) is the effectiveness of ecological resources in meeting human needs and is a good representation of the quality of a region's development. The traditional concept of improving eco-efficiency refers to maximizing economic benefits by minimizing resource costs and environmental loads. This article argues that the goal of eco-efficiency evaluation is not only to maximize economic benefits but also to achieve high-quality and coordinated development in many aspects so that more people can enjoy the fruits of development. Therefore, in the evaluation system of eco-efficiency, the input indexes take into account the consumption of human, energy resources, and the environmental load caused by them in a region. The output indexes take into account the four dimensions of "economy, innovation, social harmony, and openness." This study first establishes the nonexpected output superefficiency slacks-based measure model under the assumption of variable returns to scale to measure eco-efficiency in 11 cities of Zhejiang Province, China. Second, the spatial and temporal trends of eco-efficiency are studied with the help of the Malmquist index model. Moreover, regression analysis was conducted using the panel Tobit method to discuss the influencing factors of eco-efficiency. Several key results were obtained in this study: (1) The overall eco-efficiency in Zhejiang Province is rising steadily, but there are serious regional imbalances. (2) The improvement of eco-efficiency mainly relied on the scale efficiency from 2008 to 2013, but on pure technical efficiency from 2013 to 2018. (3) The share of tertiary industry, the number of scientific researchers, and the foreign trade dependence positively affect the improvement of eco-efficiency, but highway transportation mileage has a negative impact on the improvement of eco-efficiency. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:139-151. © 2022 SETAC.
生态效率是生态资源满足人类需求的有效性，是一个地区发展质量的良好体现。传统的提高生态效率的理念是通过最小化资源成本和环境负荷来实现经济效益最大化。本文认为，生态效率评价的目标不仅是实现经济效益最大化，还应在多方面实现高质量协调发展，使更多人能够享受发展成果。因此，在生态效率评价体系中，投入指标考虑了一个地区的人力、能源资源消耗以及由此产生的环境负荷。产出指标考虑了“经济、创新、社会和谐、开放”四个维度。本研究首先在规模报酬可变的假设下建立了非期望产出超效率松弛测度模型，以测度中国浙江省11个城市的生态效率。其次，借助Malmquist指数模型研究了生态效率的时空变化趋势。此外，采用面板Tobit方法进行回归分析，以探讨生态效率的影响因素。本研究得到了几个关键结果：（1）浙江省生态效率总体呈稳步上升趋势，但区域不平衡问题严重。（2）2008年至2013年生态效率的提高主要依赖规模效率，而2013年至2018年则依赖纯技术效率。（3）第三产业占比、科研人员数量和外贸依存度对生态效率的提高有正向影响，但公路里程对生态效率的提高有负面影响。《综合环境评估与管理》2023年；19:139 - 151。© 2022 SETAC。
