评估埃塞俄比亚南部霍萨纳献血者中病毒性肝炎和艾滋病毒的传播风险。

Estimating the Transmission Risks of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among Blood Donors in Hossana, Southern Ethiopia.

作者信息

Beykaso Gizachew, Teklehaymanot Tilahun, Giday Mirutse, Berhe Nega, Doyore Feleke, Alemayehu Dawit Hailu, Mihret Adane, Mulu Andargachew

机构信息

Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia.

出版信息

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2021 Jul 24;14:3117-3127. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S323057. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.2147/RMHP.S323057

PMID:34335061

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8318006/

Abstract

PURPOSE

Screening of viral transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors is of public health concern. It is a cost-effective method to monitor the occurrence, distribution, and trends of TTIs in healthy people. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of the three common viral TTIs among blood donors in Hossana, Ethiopia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 blood donors from April to May 2020 in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory blood screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using Wantai AiDTM HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV 1 + 2 Ag/Ab ELISA. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with each viral infection. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

A total of 417 blood donors participated in this study producing an overall prevalence of viral TTI was 14.38%. HBV, HCV, and HIV prevalence were 9.83%, 2.39%, and 4.31%, respectively. HBV-HIV was a common co-infection, which had 1.2%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, family history of hepatitis (AOR=5.2, 95% CI (2.92, 7.41)) and multiple sexual contacts (AOR=4.2, 95% CI (2.32-7.43)) were significantly associated with HBV; low educational level (AOR=3.1, 95% CI (2.58-15.25)) and multiple sexual contacts (AOR=4.9, 95% CI (3.51-7.96)) were significantly associated with HIV, but the only variable alcohol consumption (AOR=2.7, 95% CI (6.72-23.76)) was also associated with HCV infection.

CONCLUSION

In this study, the magnitude of viral TTIs among blood donors is high. This indicates that there are high risks of transmission for these infectious pathogens. Therefore, effective stringent donor selection and screening protocols should be developed.

摘要

目的

筛查献血者中的病毒性输血传播感染（TTIs）是公共卫生关注的问题。这是一种监测健康人群中TTIs发生、分布和趋势的具有成本效益的方法。本研究旨在估计埃塞俄比亚霍萨纳献血者中三种常见病毒性TTIs的流行程度。

方法

2020年4月至5月在埃塞俄比亚南部对417名献血者进行了一项横断面研究。使用结构化问卷收集数据，并使用万泰爱德TM乙肝表面抗原、抗丙肝病毒和HIV 1 + 2抗原/抗体酶联免疫吸附测定法对乙肝病毒（HBV）、丙肝病毒（HCV）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）进行实验室血液筛查。数据录入Epi-Data 3.1版本，并使用SPSS 21.0版本进行分析。采用二元逻辑回归模型确定与每种病毒感染相关的因素。计算比值比及其95%置信区间。p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。

结果

共有417名献血者参与本研究，病毒性TTI的总体患病率为14.38%。HBV、HCV和HIV的患病率分别为9.83%、2.39%和4.31%。HBV-HIV是常见的合并感染，占1.2%。在多因素逻辑回归分析中，肝炎家族史（比值比=5.2，95%置信区间（2.92，7.41））和多个性伴侣（比值比=4.2，95%置信区间（2.32 - 7.43））与HBV感染显著相关；低教育水平（比值比=3.1，95%置信区间（2.58 - 15.25））和多个性伴侣（比值比=4.9，95%置信区间（3.51 - 7.96））与HIV感染显著相关，但唯一与HCV感染相关的变量是饮酒（比值比=2.7，95%置信区间（6.72 - 23.76））。