Tadesse Senait, Munshea Abaineh, Gelaw Baye, Peshu Norbert, Tesfa Endalamaw, Mekonnen Feleke, Tefera Mulugeta Mihrete, Kahsu Getachew, Endalamaw Demeke, Kramvis Anna, Adugna Meseret, Wandiga Steve
Health Biotechnology Division, Institute of Biotechnology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Medical Microbiology Department, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 May 24;25(1):749. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11150-8.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and is a growing concern in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Different studies have been conducted on the prevalence of HBV infection among Ethiopian regions and population segments. Therefore, this systematic review was commenced to summarize these findings, deliver representative pooled data on the prevalence of HBV infection among Ethiopian administrative regions and population segments, and identify possible factors associated with HBV infection.
Electronic databases such as PubMed, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar were searched for published articles from July 9, 2019, to February 30, 2024. The data were exported to STATA version 15.1 for meta-analyses. The heterogeneity between the results of the primary studies was accessed using Cochran's Q chi-square test and quantified with I statistics. A random effect model was used to pool the prevalence of HBV infection.
The overall pooled prevalence of HBV infection was 6.9% (95% CI: 6.1, 7.7). Among the subgroup analyses, the highest pooled prevalence of HBV infection was obtained from Harar city 9.6% (95% CI: 5.6, 13.5), followed by South Nations and Nationalities People Regions (SNNPR) 8.5% (95% CI: 7.4, 9.7). On the other hand, the pooled prevalence of HBV infection among waste handlers was high 12.6% (95% CI: 2.4, 27.6) followed by female commercial sex workers (FCSW) 10.9% (95% CI: 7.7, 15.2) and human immune deficiency virus (HIV) positive individuals 9.9% (95% CI: 7.2, 12.8). HBV infection was significantly linked to the following factors: those with multiple sexual partners, a family history of chronic liver disease, exposure to bodily fluids, HIV seropositivity, and sharp needle injury had Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR):3.9 (95% CI: 2.62, 5.76), (AOR: 6.9 (95% CI:3.46, 10.53), (AOR:3.1 (95% CI: 2.01, 3.05), (AOR:7.7 (95% CI: 2.99, 19.93), (AOR:2.1 (95% CI: 1.58, 2.66) times a greater chance of infection, respectively.
The high pooled prevalence of HBV infection in Ethiopia indicates that the burden of HBV infection continues to be a public health concern. The Ethiopian Ministry of Health should develop a strategic plan for prevention and control of HBV infection transmission including awareness creation, scale-up screening programs, diagnosis, treatment, and care services to reduce the burden of HBV infection and eliminate it as a public health threat.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是慢性肝病最常见的病因之一，在包括埃塞俄比亚在内的低收入国家，其受关注程度日益增加。针对埃塞俄比亚各地区及人群中HBV感染的患病率，已开展了不同研究。因此，启动本系统评价以总结这些研究结果，提供埃塞俄比亚各行政区及人群中HBV感染患病率的代表性汇总数据，并确定与HBV感染相关的可能因素。
检索电子数据库，如PubMed、非洲期刊在线和谷歌学术，查找2019年7月9日至2024年2月30日发表的文章。数据导出至STATA 15.1版本进行荟萃分析。使用Cochran's Q卡方检验评估原始研究结果之间的异质性，并用I统计量进行量化。采用随机效应模型汇总HBV感染的患病率。
HBV感染的总体汇总患病率为6.9%（95%置信区间：6.1，7.7）。在亚组分析中，HBV感染汇总患病率最高的是哈勒尔市，为9.6%（95%置信区间：5.6，13.5），其次是南方各族人民地区（SNNPR），为8.5%（95%置信区间：7.4，9.7）。另一方面，废物处理人员中HBV感染的汇总患病率较高，为12.6%（95%置信区间：2.4，27.6），其次是女性商业性工作者（FCSW），为10.9%（95%置信区间：7.7，15.2），以及人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）阳性个体，为9.9%（95%置信区间：7.2，12.8）。HBV感染与以下因素显著相关：有多个性伴侣者、有慢性肝病家族史者、接触体液者、HIV血清学阳性者以及有锐器针刺伤者，其调整后的比值比（AOR）分别为：3.9（95%置信区间：2.62，5.76）、（AOR：6.9（95%置信区间：3.46，10.53）、（AOR：3.1（95%置信区间：2.01，3.05）、（AOR：7.7（95%置信区间：2.99，19.93）、（AOR：2.1（95%置信区间：1.58，2.66），感染几率分别高出相应倍数。
埃塞俄比亚HBV感染的高汇总患病率表明，HBV感染负担仍然是一个公共卫生问题。埃塞俄比亚卫生部应制定预防和控制HBV感染传播的战略计划，包括开展宣传、扩大筛查项目、诊断、治疗及护理服务，以减轻HBV感染负担，并消除其作为公共卫生威胁的影响。
