Lee Bohae Rachel, Paing May Hnin, Sharma-Walia Neelam
H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Physiol. 2021 Jul 15;12:640374. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640374. eCollection 2021.
Cyclopentenone prostaglandins (cyPGs) are biologically active lipid mediators, including PGA, PGA, PGJ, and its metabolites. cyPGs are essential regulators of inflammation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell migration, and stem cell activity. cyPGs biologically act on multiple cellular targets, including transcription factors and signal transduction pathways. cyPGs regulate the inflammatory response by interfering with NF-κB, AP-1, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling pathways via both a group of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) dependent and PPAR-γ independent mechanisms. cyPGs promote the resolution of chronic inflammation associated with cancers and pathogen (bacterial, viral, and parasitic) infection. cyPGs exhibit potent effects on viral infections by repressing viral protein synthesis, altering viral protein glycosylation, inhibiting virus transmission, and reducing virus-induced inflammation. We summarize their anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, cytoprotective, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, pro-resolution, and anti-metastatic potential. These properties render them unique therapeutic value, especially in resolving inflammation and could be used in adjunct with other existing therapies. We also discuss other α, β -unsaturated carbonyl lipids and cyPGs like isoprostanes (IsoPs) compounds.
环戊烯酮前列腺素（cyPGs）是具有生物活性的脂质介质，包括PGA、PGA、PGJ及其代谢产物。cyPGs是炎症、细胞增殖、凋亡、血管生成、细胞迁移和干细胞活性的重要调节因子。cyPGs作用于多种细胞靶点，包括转录因子和信号转导通路。cyPGs通过一组核受体过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ（PPAR-γ）依赖性和PPAR-γ非依赖性机制，干扰NF-κB、AP-1、MAPK和JAK/STAT信号通路，从而调节炎症反应。cyPGs促进与癌症和病原体（细菌、病毒和寄生虫）感染相关的慢性炎症的消退。cyPGs通过抑制病毒蛋白合成、改变病毒蛋白糖基化、抑制病毒传播和减轻病毒诱导的炎症，对病毒感染表现出显著作用。我们总结了它们的抗增殖、促凋亡、细胞保护、抗氧化、抗血管生成、抗炎、促消退和抗转移潜力。这些特性赋予它们独特的治疗价值，特别是在解决炎症方面，可与其他现有疗法联合使用。我们还讨论了其他α，β-不饱和羰基脂质和类似异前列腺素（IsoPs）化合物的cyPGs。
