ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Theranostics. 2021 Jul 6;11(16):8057-8075. doi: 10.7150/thno.59677. eCollection 2021.
Over the last few years, immunotherapy, in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, has revolutionized the treatment of several types of cancer. At the same time, the uptake in clinical oncology has been slow owing to the high cost of treatment, associated toxicity profiles and variability of the response to treatment between patients. In response, personalized approaches based on predictive biomarkers have emerged as new tools for patient stratification to achieve effective immunotherapy. Recently, the enumeration and molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been highlighted as prognostic biomarkers for the management of cancer patients during chemotherapy and for targeted therapy in a personalized manner. The expression of immune checkpoints on CTCs has been reported in a number of solid tumor types and has provided new insight into cancer immunotherapy management. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the identification of immune checkpoints using CTCs and shed light on the potential applications of CTCs towards the identification of predictive biomarkers for immunotherapy.
在过去的几年中，免疫疗法，特别是免疫检查点抑制剂疗法，已经彻底改变了几种类型癌症的治疗方法。与此同时，由于治疗费用高、相关毒性特征以及患者之间对治疗的反应存在差异，其在临床肿瘤学中的应用进展缓慢。作为回应，基于预测性生物标志物的个性化方法已成为患者分层的新工具，以实现有效的免疫治疗。最近，循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）的计数和分子分析已被突出为在化疗期间管理癌症患者和以个体化方式进行靶向治疗的预后生物标志物。已经在许多实体瘤类型中报道了 CTC 上免疫检查点的表达，并为癌症免疫治疗管理提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用 CTC 识别免疫检查点的最新进展，并阐明了 CTC 在鉴定免疫治疗预测性生物标志物方面的潜在应用。
