Piot P, Colebunders R
West J Med. 1987 Dec;147(6):709-12.
The clinical expression of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) appears increasingly complex. It includes manifestations due to opportunistic diseases, as well as illness directly caused by HIV itself. Neurologic disease may include involvement of the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves and is probably directly caused by HIV, as is lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia. The etiology of the chronic diarrhea and a papular pruritic skin eruption associated with HIV infection is unclear. Between 2% and 8% of HIV-infected persons progress to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) per year, with no apparent decrease in the rate of disease progression over time. A chronically activated state secondary to chronic microbial antigenic exposure may increase both the susceptibility to HIV infection and development of disease. Increased HIV gene expression, followed by persistent antigenemia, appear to be triggering factors in clinical deterioration. The role, if any, of environmental and/or genetic cofactors remains unclear.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染的临床症状日益复杂。其包括由机会性疾病引起的表现，以及HIV本身直接导致的病症。神经疾病可能包括大脑、脊髓和周围神经受累，可能像淋巴细胞间质性肺炎一样直接由HIV引起。与HIV感染相关的慢性腹泻和丘疹性瘙痒性皮疹的病因尚不清楚。每年有2%至8%的HIV感染者发展为获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS），疾病进展速度并未随时间推移而明显下降。慢性微生物抗原暴露继发的慢性激活状态可能会增加对HIV感染的易感性和疾病的发展。HIV基因表达增加，随后出现持续抗原血症，似乎是临床恶化的触发因素。环境和/或遗传辅助因素（若有）的作用仍不明确。
