Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Microbial Genetic Resources Program, Bio-Resources Conservation Institute (BCI), National Agriculture Research Center (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2021 Dec;66(6):1023-1037. doi: 10.1007/s12223-021-00902-z. Epub 2021 Aug 2.
Bacteria from wastewater discharged to the sewerage near three hospitals of Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Faisalabad were examined for resistance to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in Pakistan. From the selected sites, a total of 109 isolates from 40 different species were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogeny. The isolates were tested for their resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, amoxicillin, and ampicillin. The results indicated that the isolates were resistant with the highest percentage to ampicillin and the lowest percentage to ciprofloxacin. Among the resistant isolates, 91.7% were found resistant to ampicillin, 83.5% to amoxicillin, 67.0% to ofloxacin, whereas only 27.5% to ciprofloxacin and 21.1% to levofloxacin. Among three sampled locations, the most of resistance was observed in Escherichia and Acinetobacter species. More than 30% isolated microorganisms were found resistant to more than three antibiotics. These findings concluded the presence of predominant microbial population resistant to antibiotics in wastewater channels near hospitals and its surroundings, which requires further investigation regarding their existence and spread in other environmental media having potential community health implications.
从伊斯兰堡、拉瓦尔品第和费萨拉巴德的三家医院附近的下水道排放的污水中的细菌进行了检查，以检测它们对巴基斯坦最常开处方的抗生素的耐药性。从选定的地点，根据 16S rRNA 基因序列和系统发育，共从 40 个不同物种中鉴定出 109 个分离株。这些分离株被测试了对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、阿莫西林和氨苄西林的耐药性。结果表明，分离株对氨苄西林的耐药率最高，对环丙沙星的耐药率最低。在耐药分离株中，91.7%对氨苄西林耐药，83.5%对阿莫西林耐药，67.0%对氧氟沙星耐药，而只有 27.5%对环丙沙星耐药，21.1%对左氧氟沙星耐药。在三个采样地点中，在大肠杆菌和不动杆菌属中观察到的耐药性最高。超过 30%的分离微生物对三种以上抗生素具有耐药性。这些发现表明，医院及其周围污水通道中存在对抗生素具有主要耐药性的微生物种群，这需要进一步调查其在其他具有潜在社区健康影响的环境介质中的存在和传播情况。
