Department of Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego Street 8b, 20-400, Lublin, Poland.
Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Aleje Racławickie 1, 20-059, Lublin, Poland.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2021 Oct;129:117-132. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.029. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
The identification of biomarkers as diagnostic tools and predictors of response to treatment of neurological developmental disorders (NDD) such as schizophrenia (SZ), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), still remains an important challenge for clinical medicine. Metallomic profiles of ASD patients cover, besides essential elements such as cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, also toxic metals burden of: aluminum, arsenic, mercury, lead, beryllium, nickel, cadmium. Performed studies indicate that children with ASD present a reduced ability of eliminating toxic metals, which leads to these metals' accumulation and aggravation of autistic symptoms. Extensive metallomic studies allow a better understanding of the importance of trace elements as environmental factors in the pathogenesis of ASD. Even though a mineral imbalance is a fact in ASD, we are still expecting relevant tests and the elaboration of reference levels of trace elements as potential biomarkers useful in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of ASD.
生物标志物的鉴定作为诊断工具和预测神经发育障碍（NDD）治疗反应的指标，如精神分裂症（SZ）、注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）或自闭症谱系障碍（ASD），仍然是临床医学的一个重要挑战。ASD 患者的金属组学谱除了包含钴、铬、铜、铁、锰、钼、锌、硒等必需元素外，还包含：铝、砷、汞、铅、铍、镍、镉等有毒金属负担。已进行的研究表明，ASD 儿童消除有毒金属的能力降低，导致这些金属的积累和自闭症症状的加重。广泛的金属组学研究有助于更好地理解微量元素作为 ASD 发病机制中环境因素的重要性。尽管 ASD 中存在矿物质失衡这一事实，但我们仍在期待相关检测和微量元素参考水平的制定，以作为 ASD 诊断、预防和治疗的潜在生物标志物。
