Department of Linguistics and English Language, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
Department of Linguistics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2021 Jul;150(1):592. doi: 10.1121/10.0005585.
This paper presents acoustic and articulatory (ultrasound) data on vowel reduction in Polish. The analysis focuses on the question of whether the change in formant value in unstressed vowels can be explained by duration-driven undershoot alone or whether there is also evidence for additional stress-specific articulatory mechanisms that systematically affect vowel formants. On top of the expected durational differences between the stressed and unstressed conditions, the duration is manipulated by inducing changes in the speech rate. The observed vowel formants are compared to expected formants derived from the articulatory midsagittal tongue data in different conditions. The results show that the acoustic vowel space is reduced in size and raised in unstressed vowels compared to stressed vowels. Most of the spectral reduction can be explained by reduced vowel duration, but there is also an additional systematic effect of F1-lowering in unstressed non-high vowels that does not follow from tongue movement. The proposed interpretation is that spectral vowel reduction in Polish behaves largely as predicted by the undershoot model of vowel reduction, but the effect of undershoot is enhanced for low unstressed vowels, potentially by a stress marking strategy which involves raising the fundamental frequency.
本文介绍了波兰语中元音弱化的声学和发音（超声）数据。该分析侧重于以下问题：在非重读音节中，共振峰值的变化是否仅可以通过持续时间驱动的下冲来解释，还是存在证据表明存在其他特定于重音的发音机制，这些机制会系统地影响元音共振峰。除了重读音节和非重读音节之间预期的时长差异之外，还通过改变语速来操纵时长。将观察到的元音共振峰与不同条件下基于发音中间矢状面舌数据得出的预期共振峰进行比较。结果表明，与重读音节相比，非重读音节的元音声学空间在大小上减小，音高升高。大部分频谱减小可以通过元音时长缩短来解释，但在非高元音的非重读音节中，F1 降低还有一个额外的系统效应，这与舌位运动无关。提出的解释是，波兰语中频谱元音的减小在很大程度上符合元音减小的下冲模型预测，但对于低非重读音节，下冲的效果增强，这可能是一种通过提高基频来标记重音的策略。
