Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, 255 Furusawa Asao-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 215-0026, Japan; The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Konodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan.
The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Konodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516, Japan.
Vaccine. 2021 Aug 23;39(36):5224-5230. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.017. Epub 2021 Jul 31.
The World Health Organization recommends the implementation of universal hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, and global coverage for this vaccine reached 84% in 2015. In Japan, the policy aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HB virus (HBV) initially commenced as a specific vaccination program for infants born to mothers who were positive for HB surface antigen. In 2016, universal HB vaccination was implemented in this country to cover unvaccinated individuals at risk of horizontal HBV transmission. Although HB vaccination has been shown to be highly efficacious and safe, the issues of vaccine non-responders and of the loss of antibodies directed against HB surface antigen (anti-HBs) in HB vaccine recipients remain. To gain better insight into these problems, we previously performed an immunological analysis on adult vaccine recipients after they received an initial HB vaccination. We found that the course of successful HB vaccination is composed of the following distinct phases: 1) acquisition of anti-HBs antibody, 2) attainment of high anti-HBs antibody titers, and 3) maintenance of acquired anti-HBs antibody levels. In this review, we describe the significance of HB vaccination and suggest a potential means of improving the impact of HB vaccination based on our immunological analysis.
世界卫生组织建议实施乙型肝炎（HB）疫苗的普及接种，到 2015 年，全球该疫苗的覆盖率达到 84%。在日本，最初针对乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴传播的预防策略是为 HBV 表面抗原阳性的母亲所生婴儿实施特定的疫苗接种计划。2016 年，日本开始实施乙型肝炎疫苗的全民接种，以覆盖有水平传播 HBV 风险的未接种个体。虽然乙型肝炎疫苗接种具有高度的有效性和安全性，但疫苗无应答者以及乙型肝炎疫苗接种者抗乙型肝炎表面抗原（抗-HBs）抗体丢失的问题仍然存在。为了更好地了解这些问题，我们之前对接受初始乙型肝炎疫苗接种的成年疫苗接种者进行了免疫分析。我们发现成功的乙型肝炎疫苗接种过程由以下三个不同阶段组成：1）获得抗-HBs 抗体，2）获得高滴度的抗-HBs 抗体，3）维持获得的抗-HBs 抗体水平。在这篇综述中，我们描述了乙型肝炎疫苗接种的重要性，并根据我们的免疫分析提出了一种提高乙型肝炎疫苗接种效果的潜在方法。
