Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Health and Life Science School - Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2022 May 6;13:889945. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889945. eCollection 2022.
This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota during respiratory viral infection and discusses the implication of the microbiota composition on the immune responses generated by the vaccines designed to protect against these pathogens. This is a growing field and recent evidence supports that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate the immune response of vaccination against respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have highlighted that molecules derived from the microbiome can have systemic effects, acting in distant organs. These molecules are recognized by the immune cells from the host and can trigger or modulate different responses, interfering with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition has been suggested as an approach to achieving more efficient protective immune responses. Studies in humans have reported associations between a better vaccine response and specific bacterial taxa. These associations vary among different vaccine strategies and are likely to be context-dependent. The use of prebiotics and probiotics in conjunction with vaccination demonstrated that bacterial components could act as adjuvants. Future microbiota-based interventions may potentially improve and optimize the responses of respiratory virus vaccines.
这篇迷你综述描述了肠道和肺部微生物群在呼吸道病毒感染期间的作用，并讨论了微生物群落组成对预防这些病原体的疫苗所产生免疫反应的影响。这是一个不断发展的领域，最近的证据表明，微生物群落的组成和功能可以调节针对流感和 SARS-CoV-2 等呼吸道病毒的疫苗接种的免疫反应。最近的研究强调了源自微生物组的分子可以具有全身作用，作用于远处的器官。这些分子被宿主的免疫细胞识别，并可以触发或调节不同的反应，从而干扰疫苗的保护作用。调节微生物群落组成被认为是实现更有效的保护性免疫反应的一种方法。在人类中的研究报告了更好的疫苗反应与特定细菌类群之间的关联。这些关联在不同的疫苗策略之间存在差异，并且可能依赖于具体情况。将益生元和益生菌与疫苗接种联合使用表明，细菌成分可以作为佐剂。基于微生物组的未来干预措施可能有潜力改善和优化呼吸道病毒疫苗的反应。
