U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA, 70124, USA.
School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi Province, China.
Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 3;11(1):15700. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95248-4.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in chronic inflammation associated with several diseases. Many plant extracts have nutritional and healthy benefits by down-regulating VEGF expression, but there was no report on VEGF regulation by cottonseed extracts in any biological system. The objective was to investigate cell viability and VEGF expression regulated by gossypol and ethanol extracts using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as a control. MTT, qPCR and immunoblotting techniques were used to monitor cell viability, VEGF mRNA and protein levels in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. Gossypol dramatically reduced macrophage viability but cottonseed extracts and LPS exhibited minor effect on cell viability. VEGFb mRNA levels were approximately 40 fold of VEGFa in the macrophages. Gossypol increased VEGFa and VEGFb mRNA levels up to 27 and 4 fold, respectively, and increased VEGF protein. LPS increased VEGFa mRNA by sixfold but decreased VEGFb mRNA. LPS increased VEGF protein in 2-4 h but decreased in 8-24 h. Glanded seed extracts showed some stimulating effects on VEGF mRNA levels. Glandless seed coat extract showed increased VEGFb mRNA levels but its kernel extract reduced VEGF mRNA levels. This study demonstrated that gossypol and ethanol extracts differentially regulated cell viability and VEGF expression in mouse macrophages.
血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在与多种疾病相关的慢性炎症中发挥重要作用。许多植物提取物通过下调 VEGF 表达具有营养和健康益处，但在任何生物系统中都没有关于棉籽油提取物调节 VEGF 的报道。本研究的目的是研究棉酚和乙醇提取物通过脂多糖（LPS）作为对照调节细胞活力和 VEGF 表达。MTT、qPCR 和免疫印迹技术用于监测小鼠 RAW264.7 巨噬细胞中的细胞活力、VEGF mRNA 和蛋白水平。棉酚显著降低巨噬细胞活力，但棉籽油提取物和 LPS 对细胞活力影响较小。VEGFb mRNA 水平在巨噬细胞中约为 VEGFa 的 40 倍。棉酚分别将 VEGFa 和 VEGFb mRNA 水平增加了 27 倍和 4 倍，并增加了 VEGF 蛋白。LPS 将 VEGFa mRNA 增加了六倍，但降低了 VEGFb mRNA。LPS 在 2-4 小时增加了 VEGF 蛋白，但在 8-24 小时减少了。有腺体的种子提取物对 VEGF mRNA 水平显示出一些刺激作用。无腺体种皮提取物增加了 VEGFb mRNA 水平，但核提取物降低了 VEGF mRNA 水平。本研究表明，棉酚和乙醇提取物在小鼠巨噬细胞中差异调节细胞活力和 VEGF 表达。
