Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
Laboratory for Research on Advanced Processes for Water Treatment, Engineering Institute, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Nov 25;797:149228. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149228. Epub 2021 Jul 22.
Wastewaters contaminated with nitrogenous pollutants, derived from anthropogenic activities, have exacerbated our ecosystems sparking environmental problems, such as eutrophication and acidification of water reservoirs, emission of greenhouse gases, death of aquatic organisms, among others. Wastewater treatment facilities (WWTF) combining nitrification and denitrification, and lately partial nitrification coupled to anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), have traditionally been applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the recent biotechnologies developed in which nitrogen-removing processes are relevant for the treatment of both wastewaters and gas emissions. These novel processes include the anammox process with alternative electron acceptors, such as sulfate (sulfammox), ferric iron (feammox), and anodes in microbial electrolysis cells (anodic anammox). New technologies that couple nitrate/nitrite reduction with the oxidation of methane, HS, volatile methyl siloxanes, and other volatile organic compounds are also described. The potential of these processes for (i) minimizing greenhouse gas emissions from WWTF, (ii) biogas purification, and (iii) air pollution control is critically discussed considering the factors that might trigger NO release during nitrate/nitrite reduction. Moreover, this review provides a discussion on the main challenges to tackle towards the consolidation of these novel biotechnologies.
受人为活动影响而污染的含氮污染物废水，加剧了我们的生态系统，引发了环境问题，如水库富营养化和酸化、温室气体排放、水生生物死亡等。废水处理设施（WWTF）结合硝化和反硝化，以及最近的部分硝化与厌氧氨氧化（anammox）相结合，传统上一直用于从废水中去除氮。本工作全面回顾了近年来开发的与氮去除过程相关的生物技术，这些生物技术可用于处理废水和气体排放物。这些新过程包括使用替代电子受体（如硫酸盐（sulfammox）、三价铁（feammox）和微生物电解池中的阳极）的厌氧氨氧化过程。还描述了将硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐还原与甲烷、HS、挥发性甲基硅氧烷和其他挥发性有机化合物氧化相结合的新技术。考虑到硝酸盐/亚硝酸盐还原过程中可能引发 NO 释放的因素，本文批判性地讨论了这些过程在（i）最小化 WWTF 的温室气体排放、（ii）沼气净化和（iii）空气污染控制方面的潜力。此外，本综述还讨论了在巩固这些新技术方面需要解决的主要挑战。
